Studies on Interspersed Nutrient Management on Uptake of Nutrients Seeds, Stover and Soil Biota Status of Fennel

Crop nutrient management is always a tough task for farmers as most recommendations made for crops are not actually based on all the given localities. Proper and balanced nutrients help in good absorption and translocation of nutrients consequently facilitating proper growth and development of plantalong with maintaining the soil health. In view of the above facts, the present experiment was executed at theResearch Area of Farm of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand,Gujarat to find out the effects of balanced and combined practices of nutrient managements on fennel crop.The research was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of twelve combinations of IntegratedNutrient Management treatments and three replications. The results revealed that the application of 100 %RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer) with Azospirillum sp.+ Phosphate S. Bacteria + Vermi-compost @ 2 tha-1 significantly increased the nutrient uptake of seed (N-42.71, P-8.12, K-13.77 kg-1 ) and stover (N-28.49,P-9.18, K-16.10 kg-1 ) as compared to the remaining treatments whereas the application of 50% RDF +Azospirillum + PSB + Vermi-compost@2t ha-1 maintained the highest soil micro-organism status after harvestof fennel crop against the control check. The experiment concluded that the combined use of fertilizers alongwith other sources like bio-fertilizer, composts and other organic sources of nutrients not only enhances thequality of the produce but also conserves the soil health maintaining a higher population of soil micro-organism.
(PDF) Studies on Interspersed Nutrient Management on Uptake of Nutrients Seeds, Stover and Soil Biota Status of Fennel. 

Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355845359_Studies_on_Interspersed_Nutrient_Management_on_Up...

Legumes in Cropping System for Agricultural Sustainability

Achieving food security for a country like India is very important where day by day population is expanding rapidly. In agricultural and food systems, producing in a sustainable way is, thus, becoming increasingly of prime importance. Legumes play several important roles in agriculture as well as society by lowering the risk of climate change, reducing the net release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere due to human activity, meeting the increasing demand of food and food and nutritional security of the smallholders. Legume crops are considered as vital food crops with several beneficial effects on humanhealth and also play a prime role by providing multiple advantages towards agricultural sustainability. Hence, an attempt has been taken to look into the prominent presence of leguminous crops under the present consequences where agricultural sustainability is in top priority in the developing world.
(PDF) Legumes in Cropping System for Agricultural Sustainability. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357333928_Legumes_in_Cropping_System_for_Agricultural_Sustainability

Weeds in finger millet and their management: A retrospect

Millets are a group of highly variable small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for human food and as fodder. Fifty years back, millets were largely cultivated in Asia and Africa. Following the western model ofdevelopment, fine cereals like rice, wheat and maize were popularised in place of millets due to change in food habits. Among major millets, finger millet is one of the most popular millets in India. Foods prepared from it, are recommended by physicians for patients and infants above six months age. Besides this, finger millet is a C4 crop which may yield more in future in the changing climatic scenario. Despite all the facts, both the growth and productivity of the crop are in declining trend due to several biotic and abiotic stresses. Among biotic stresses, weed infestation alone is responsible for yield loss up to an extent of70% in finger millet. The crop grows slowly in the early stage of development. Weeds grow faster and have competitive advantages over crop during crop growth. Weeds deprive the crop from nutrients, water, light and space which ultimately reduces crop yield. So, the weeds need to be controlled right from the beginning and at least for 4-6 weeks of early crop growth. Echinochloa colona, Digitaria sangunalis, Cyanadon dactylon, Panicum milliacea, Dactyloctenium aegyptium,Cyperus rotundus, Amaranthus viridis, Eleusine indica, Celosia argentia, Commelina benghalensis, Euphorbia geniculate etc. are the major weed species found in finger crop. Farmers have less knowledge about proper weed management practices in finger millet. They should be trained regarding different aspects of weed management viz. preventive methods, mechanicalmethods, cultural methods, chemical methods and their integration as a holistic approach of weed management in finger millet.Several methods of weed management in finger millet have been standardised by different workers. The available options arediscussed in this paper.
(PDF) Weeds in finger millet and their management: A retrospect. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357429196_Weeds_in_finger_millet_and_their_management_A_retrospect

Prospects of Direct Seeded Rice under Changing Rice Environment – Present Scenario and Future Needs

Direct seeded rice (DSR) is the key climate resilient rice production technology. It not only saves energy, labour, water, and nutrients but at the same time protect soil, biodiversity, and climate change. In this chapter we have discussed in detail the major advantages and limitations of DSR. The constraints and risk associated with these technologies also elaborated. Subsequently the types of DSR and different management practices followed are explained with examples. The pest management including weed, insect and disease are presented in separate sections. The major problem of DSR associated with management are presented elaborately with control measures including agronomic, chemical measures.

Accessed from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360256781_Prospects_of_Direct_Seeded_Rice_under_Changing_Ri...

Growth, yield and economics of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) asaffected by plant density and fertilizer levels

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2021-2022 at the Bagusala Experimental Farm of MSSSoA, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Gajapati, Odisha, to find out the influence of plant density and levels of fertilizer ongrowth, yield and economics of maize. Split plot design was adopted to conduct theexperiment with 3 plant densities as main plot (P1: 76923, P2: 66666 and P3: 55555 plants/ha) and 4 levels of fertilizer as subplots (F1: 75% of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF),F2: 100% RDF, F3: 125% RDF and F4: 150% RDF) having total twelve treatment combinationsand three replications. The results revealed that there was no significant effect of differentplant densities of maize on growth attributes such as plant height, number of leaves/plant and leaf area index (LAI) during peak period. But the treatment P1: 76923 plants/ha,showed significantly higher dry matter accumulation as well as yield compared to remainingplant densities. However, among the levels of fertilizers F4: 150% of RDF resultedsignificantly higher all the growth and yield parameters. The treatment combination P1F4(P1: 76923 plans/ha along with F4: 150% of RDF) proved as best treatment combination because of highest net return (Rs. 83032/-) and B:C ratio (1.65).

Available from:  
(PDF) Growth, yield and economics of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) as affected by plant density and fertilizer levels. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361390761_Growth_yield_and_economics_of_hybrid_maize_Zea_mays_L_as_affected_by_plant_density_and_fertilizer_levels

Black Rice Cultivation in India –Prospects and Opportunities

Black rice is known for its high nutritional value and is a source of iron, vitamin E, antioxidants, calcium, magnesium, zinc and contains more protein than brown rice. In India, it is grown in a large area in Manipur for a long timeand is popularly known as Chak-hao, and desserts made from black rice areserved as major feasts. As such, it offers several health benefits, including boosting eye and heart health, protection against certain forms of cancer, and aiding weight loss. Black rice is a healthier alternative to white rice that can be used in all of the same ways. There are great prospects to promote blackrice cultivation in major rice-growing states of India and doing so will helpour country to achieve nutritional security
Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360910394_Black_Rice_Cultivation_in_India_-_Prospects_and_Opportunities 

Effect of foliar application of nutrients on growth and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) in rabi season

Maize being the third important cereal crop after rice and wheat in terms of area and production plays an important role in food security. Like other cereal crops it utilizes greater amount of nutrients from soil. Still the farmers are not getting potential yield insummer maize. Foliar application of nutrients like nitrogen and potassium can enhancethe yield and profit of farmers as it can accelerate the crop growth and help in partitioningof photosynthate in sink having a linear relationship of these nutrients with netassimilation ratio. Keeping in the view of the above points, this experiment wasconducted at Bagusala Research Farm of Centurion University of Technology andManagement, Paralakhemundi, Odisha using Randomized Block Design comprising threereplications and nine treatments i.e., T1: Control, T2: Urea 0.5%, T3: Urea 1%, T4: K2SO40.5%, T5: K2SO4 1%, T6: Urea 0.5% + K2SO4 0.5%, T7: Urea 0.5% + K2SO4 1%, T8: Urea 1% +K2SO4 0.5% and T9: Urea 1% + K2SO4 1%. All the foliar applications were done at tasselingstage of the crop. Crop growth parameters (plant height, dry matter accumulation/m2,leaf area index and stem girth), yield parameters (number of cobs/plant, number ofgrains/cob, cob length, cob girth and test weight) and yield (grain yield, stover yield andharvest index) were recorded and economics (net return and benefit cost ratio) werecalculated. All the treatments significantly influenced the growth, yield parameters andyield. Among the treatments, foliar application of Urea 1% + K2SO4 1% performed thebest achieving higher growth and grain yield (5.80 t/ha) and obtaining the highest netreturn (Rs. 62,597/-) and benefit cost ratio (1.37).

 Available from:  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361387907_Effect_of_foliar_application_of_nutrients_on_growth_and_productivity_of_maize_Zea_mays_L_in_rabi_season

Growth and productivity of maize in response to straw mulch and nitrogen management

Cereal crops are more nutrient and moisture-dependent than other crops. Maize (Zea mays L.) is the world’s most popular cereal crop for daily consumption and India’s third-largest grain crop after rice and wheat. Maize is susceptible to fertilizer treatments particularly nitrogen, and moisture. Maize requires a huge amount of nitrogen fertilizer, as well as a lot of moisture in the soil for better growth and production. In view of theabove findings, a field trial was conducted in sandy loam soil at Centurion University ofTechnology and Management’s Bagusala Research Farm in Gajapati, Odisha during rabiseason of 2021-22 to analyze the effect of mulching and nitrogen on maize growth andproductivity in the rabi season. A split-plot design with three replications was used forthe research in which three levels of straw mulching (no mulching, straw mulching @2.5 t/ha and @ 5 t/ha) as main plots and four levels of nitrogen [75, 100, 125 and 150%recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN)] as the sub plots were included. The researchfindings indicated that the application of straw mulching @ 5 t/ha and 150% RDN recordedthe best growth parameters and yield attributes and yield among all other combinationsof mulching and nitrogen levels. The application of straw mulching @ 5t/ha and 150%RDN resulted maximum grain yield (7.26 t/ha) and stover yield (9.11 t/ha) with a conclusion that straw mulching along with nitrogen fertilizer play a vital role in boostingthe growth and productivity of maize.
Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361388453_Growth_and_productivity_of_maize_in_response_to_straw_mulch_and_nitrogen_management 

Residual Effects of Integrated Nutrient Management on Summer Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) Crop

An experiment was conducted during the summer to find out the residual effect of various integrated nutrient combination on summer green gram (Vigna radiata L.) crop. For this experiment, a total number of 12 treatments were selected namely; RDF 100%+ Azospirillum + Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1, RDF 50% +Azospirillum + Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1, RDF 100% + Azospirillum + Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria +Vermicompost @ 2 t ha1, RDF 50% + Azospirillum + Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria + Vermicompost @ 2 tha-1, RDF 100% + vermiwash 02 spray @ 50 lit ha-1 at 45 and 75 DAS, RDF 50 % + vermiwash 02 spray @50 lit ha-1 at 45 and 75 DAS, RDF 100% + Humic acid 15 kg ha-1, RDF 50% + Humic acid 15 kg ha-1, RDF50 % + NADEP @ 5 t ha-1 + Humic acid 15 kg ha-1, RDF 100% + NADEP @ 5 t ha-1 and 50 % RDF + NADEP@ 5 t ha-1 that were applied on the main crop and then the green gram crop was sown after the harvesting of main crop to assess the residual effect of various treatments on green gram crop. The result revealed that the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium available in soil were significantly increased due to residual effect of integrated nutrient management practices. The nitrogen in soil was recorded significantly higher with the application of treatment T4 (RDF 100% + Azospirillum + Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria +Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1) which was at par with treatment T11 (RDF 100 % +NADEP @ 5 t ha-1) andtreatment T2 (RDF 100% +Azospirillum + Vermi-compost @ 2 t ha-1) and also similar in these treatments with respect to phosphorus contents in soil. The potassium content in soil significantly higher undertreatment T4 (RDF 100% + Azospirillum + Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria + Vermi-compost @ 2 t ha-1) and was at par with treatments T11, T5, T3, T2, T10, T12 and T8 respectively. The Recommended dose of fertilizer of NPK @ 90:30:00 kg ha-1was taken into consideration for the application respectively. This experiment represents the effects of integrated nutrient management as well as its benefiting residual effects on the succeeding green gram crop. This experiment also represents the increased N, P, K availability and restoration in the soil due to INM practices and growing of a pulse crop as the succeeding crop thereby focusing on the importance and benefits of opting INM practices for different crops.
Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361528302_Residual_Effects_of_Integrated_Nutrient_Management_on_Summer_Green_Gram_Vignaradiata_L_Crop

Resource Conservation Technologies in Rice Cultivation

Rice has become an integral part of life for people of Asia. Its production and consumption contribute to food security in South Asia. The conventional practice of rice crop husbandry has always been a time, cost, labour and energy intensive method for the farmers which has led them to avoid this crop in the progressive time. But this is a threat to food security in this region. Increased cost of cultivation due tohigh labour wages, cost of agrochemicals, agro-inputs and petroleum has led rice cultivationunprofitable. So the need of the time is to establish some improved technologies which not only reduceand conserve the resources but also bring increased productivity and profitability to the farmers.Resource conservation technologies (RCTs) are those which conserve any resources viz. water, fertilizer,time, cost, labour, energy and agrochemical load on the environment. RCTs in rice include different cropestablishment technologies like System of Rice Intensification, direct, aerobic rice, direct seeded rice andother cultural methods like use of leaf colour chart, brown manuring, alternate wetting and drying, staleseed bed, mulching and crop residue management. RCTs in rice cultivation will ensure profitability aswell as sustainability to the system
Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361528536_Resource_Conservation_Technologies_in_Rice_Cultivation 

Effects of Rice Herbicides on Soil Enzymes (Fluorescein Diacetate and Dehydrogenase Activity) of Succeeding Toria Sown with Stubble Mulch and Minimum Tillage

Herbicides may have detrimental effect on the soil environment affecting the activity of soil microorganisms for a long time even in the succeeding crop. Therefore an experiment was conducted in the wetland dry seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20 at ICAR – National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha laid out in randomized block design comprising of ten weed management treatments in transplanted rice in wet season comprising of three herbicide mixtures i.e. flopyrauxifen-benzyl +cyhalofop-butyl at (25+125) g ha-1 at 18 days after transplanting (DAT) (W1), fenoxaprop-p-ethyl +ethoxysufuron at (50+15) g ha-1 at 18 DAT (W2) and cyhalofop-butyl + penoxsulam at (100+30) g ha-1 at 18DAT (W3); three sequential application of herbicides i.e. bispyribac-sodium at 30 g ha-1 at 9 DAT fb ethoxysulfuron at 15 g ha-1 at 21 DAT (W4), flucetosulfuron at 25 gha-1 at 9 DAT fb ethoxysulfuron at 15 gha-1 at 21 DAT (W5) and cyhalofop-butyl at 100 g ha-1 at 9 DAT fb ethoxysulfuron at 15 g ha-1 at 21 DAT(W6); two herbicide checks i.e. bensulfuron-methyl + pretilachlor at(60+600) g ha-1 at 4 DAT (W7) and bispyribac-sodium at 30 g ha-1 at 2 leaf stage of weeds (W8); one weed free check (Hand weeding at 20, 40and 60 DAT) (W9) and one weedy check (Untreated) (W10); replicated thrice. After harvest of wet seasonrice, toria was sown with resource conservation technologies viz. minimum tillage and rice stubble mulchin the succeeding dry season and the residual effects of the rice weed management treatments on soilenvironment i.e. soil enzymes i.e. FDA hydrolase activity and dehydrogenase activity were studied at 30,45 and 60 days after sowing of toria. The effects of the preceding season weed management treatments were found non-significant on the soil environment of toria in the dry season
Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361832270_Effects_of_Rice_Herbicides_on_Soil_Enzymes_Fluorescein_Diacetate_and_Dehydrogenase_Activity_of_Succeeding_Toria_Sown_with_Stubble_Mulch_and_Minimum_Tillage

Effects of Rice Herbicides on Soil Enzyme ?-glucosidase and Microbial Biomass Carbon of Succeeding Toria Sown with Stubble Mulch and Minimum Tillage

The activity of soil microorganisms in the succeeding crop may be affected by the residual effect of herbicides used in the preceding crop. Therefore an experiment was done in the wet and dry seasons of2018-19and 2019-20 at ICAR – National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha laid out in randomizedblock design comprising of ten weed management treatments in transplanted rice in wet season, comprising of three herbicide mixtures i.e. flopyrauxifen-benzyl + cyhalofop-butyl at (25+125) g ha-1 at 18days after transplanting (DAT)(W1), fenoxaprop-p-ethyl + ethoxysufuron at (50+15) g ha-1 at 18 DAT (W2)and cyhalofop-butyl + penoxsulamat (100+30) g ha-1 at 18 DAT (W3); three sequential application ofherbicides i.e. bispyribac-sodium at 30 g ha-1at 9 DAT fbethoxysulfuron at 15 g ha-1 at 21 DAT (W4), flucetosulfuron at 25 g ha-1 at 9 DAT fbethoxysulfuronat 15 g ha-1 at 21 DAT (W5) and cyhalofop-butyl at100 g ha-1 at 9 DAT fb ethoxysulfuron at 15 g ha-1at 21DAT (W6); two herbicide checks i.e. bensulfuron-methyl + pretilachlor at (60+600) g ha-1 at 4 DAT (W7) and bispyribac-sodium at 30 g ha-1 at 2 leaf stage ofweeds (W8); one weed free check (Hand weeding at 20, 40 and60 DAT) (W9) and one weedy check(Untreated) (W10); replicated thrice. After harvest of wet season rice, toria was sown with resourceconservation technologies viz. minimum tillage and rice stubble mulch in the succeeding dry season andthe residual effects of the rice weed management treatments on soil enzyme i.e. ?-glucosidase andmicrobial biomass carbon were studied at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing of toria. The effects of thepreceding season weed management treatments were found non-significant on the soil environmentoftoria in the dry season.
Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361832483_Effects_of_Rice_Herbicides_on_Soil_Enzyme_b-glucosidase_and_Microbial_Biomass_Carbon_of_Succeeding_Toria_Sown_with_Stubble_Mulch_and_Minimum_Tillage 

Effect of Straw Mulching and Nitrogen Doses on Nutrient Status, Yield and Economics of Rabi Maize

At experimental farm of M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha, India, an experiment was conducted to know the effect of nitrogen doses and mulching on nutrient status, yield and economics of maize during the rabi season of 2021-22. The hybrid maize seed (Hybrid variety 4226) was sown in a spilt plot design with three levels of mulching in main plot and four doses of nitrogen in sub-plot. Thegrain yield, nutrient composition of maize seeds and stover, N, P, K status of pre-harvest soil were increased significantly in combination of nitrogen and mulching. Application of straw mulch significantly increased the N content of grain and stover as well as the N uptake by grain and stover as compared to no mulch treatment. It also influenced the protein content of seeds. Application ofhigher dose of N significantly increased the N content of grain and stover as well as the N uptakeby grain and stover over the control and also influenced the NPK status of soil and protein contentof the seeds. Maximum values of grain and stover yield (7.26 and 9.21t ha-1 respectively) wererecorded from 5 t ha-1mulchand 150% RDN (N:P2O5:K2O = 120:60:60) plot. Whereas thisinteraction effect (5 t ha-1 and 150% RDN) significantly increased the N content of seeds (1.40 %),stover (0.47 %), and protein content of seeds (8.76 %). After decomposition of straw mulch in soilwith additional application of nitrogen increased the available N (195.43 kg ha-1) over low level ofnitrogen dose with no mulching. The combined application of mulching @ 5 t ha-1 with 150% RDNresulted highest net return (?76,365/- ha-1) with maximum B:C ratio (1.29).
Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362018805_Effect_of_Straw_Mulching_and_Nitrogen_Doses_on_Nutrient_Status_Yield_and_Economics_of_Rabi_Maize 

Seed Priming for Growth and Productivity Enhancement in Field Crops Such as Cereals, Pulses and Oilseeds

Advances in Agriculture and Allied Technologies

Bio-efficacy of herbicide mixtures on weed dynamics in direct wet-seeded rice

Weed infestation is the major yield limiting factor in direct wet-seeded rice (WSR). Herbicides use is gaining acceptance among the farmers as it is easy, economical, time saving, and efficient to manage weeds. The herbicide mixtures with different modes of action are preferable to use in rotation. An experiment was conducted to evaluate and identify a suitable
pre-mix herbicide mixture and its dosage rate to get optimum weed management and rice yield in WSR during wet seasons of 2017 and 2018 at research farm of ICAR–National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India using randomized complete block design with three replications. Nine treatments were tested including: viz. post-emergence application (PoE) of florpyrauxifen-benzyl + cyhalofop-butyl at 120, 150, 180 and 360 g/ha; florpyrauxifen-benzyl at 25 and 30 g/ha PoE; bispyribac-sodium 30 g/ha PoE; weed free and weedy check. Among the herbicide treatments, florpyrauxifen-benzyl + cyhalofop-butyl 150 g/ha PoE was most effective to control weeds with the lowest weed density, biomass, and weed
index, lower weed persistence index and highest weed control index, weed control efficiency, crop resistance index, treatment efficiency index and weed management index at 60 days after sowing in WSR with higher rice grain yield, and was at par with the weed free. In weedy check, 40% rice yield loss was recorded. Thus, florpyrauxifen-benzyl + cyhalofopbutyl
150 g/ha PoE may be recommended for effective weed control in direct wet-seeded rice.

Keywords: Direct-seeded rice, Florpyrauxifen-benzyl + cyhalofop-butyl, Herbicide, Weed management, Wet-seeded rice

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8164.2023.00003.5

Influence of Varied Nitrogen Quantities on the Growth, Harvest Index, and Economic Viability of Barley

Farmers in the Indian state of Haryana widely cultivate barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) due to its popularity. Nitrogen (N) is an essential element for plant growth and development. In areas where soil nitrogen is limited, the yield of barley is dependent on the amount of N fertilizer applied. Therefore, determining the optimal amount of N fertilizer is crucial for  achieving profitable barley cultivation. During the winter season of 2019-2020, research was carried out at the research farm of the School of Agricultural Sciences (SoAS), Gurugram, Haryana. The study was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with six N levels (0, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 kgha-1) and four replications. The growth
parameters and harvest index (HI) of the barley crop were documented, and an economic analysis was performed to determine the net return and benefit-to-cost (B:C) ratio of the crop. Ensuring consistent environmental conditions throughout the crop growth phase posed a challenge for this study. The plots that received 60 kg N ha-1 had the highest growth parameters and HI. However, the plots that were treated with 90 kg N ha-1 had the highest net return and B:C ratio compared to other treatments. Therefore, it is recommended that barley crop growers use this dosage for better profitability. These findings can be useful for barley farmers and policymakers in making informed decisions on N application for optimal crop growth and economic benefits. Additional research can be conducted over an extended period to investigate various parameters of the barley crop. 

Keywords: Barley, Nitrogen, Crop yield, Growth parameters, Harvest index and Economics.

Review and outlook of weed management in millets

Since ancient civilization millets have been traditionally cultivated as a staple food in Asia and Africa. After the popularization of fine cereals such as rice and wheat, the millets lost their popularity and remained confined to a limited area and production. However, when we talk about nutritional security, millets have immense potential as they are rich in different amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Therefore, they are considered “Nutri-cereals.” Nature has also equipped them with a high potential to thrive well in resource constraint situations. Hence, considering the growing ill effects of changing climatic scenarios, their demand is going to be high in the future. As far as the cultivation of millets is considered, their yield is compromised by several biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, weed infestation is one of the most important ones, which drastically reduces the yield of millets. Millets are slow growers at the early stages of their growth. Hence, if proper and timely weed management strategies are not taken then weeds deprive the crop of different growth resources such as nutrients, soil moisture, light, and space which ultimately hamper the yield. Several weed management strategies, namely, pre-emergence herbicides, and herbicide mixtures have been standardized for weed control in millets. However, limited kinds of literature are available suggesting the weed management options in millets, post-emergence herbicide options, and integrated weed management options. Post-emergence herbicides along with other methods of weed control can provide a season-long competition-free environment to the millet crops which will increase millet productivity. The available weed management options from different works of literature have been discussed in this article.

Since ancient civilization millets have been traditionally cultivated as a staple food in Asia and Africa. After the popularization of fine cereals such as rice and wheat, the millets lost their popularity and remained confined to a limited area and production. However, when we talk about nutritional security, millets have immense potential as they are rich in different amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Therefore, they are considered “Nutri-cereals.” Nature has also equipped them with a high potential to thrive well in resource constraint situations. Hence, considering the growing ill effects of changing climatic scenarios, their demand is going to be high in the future. As far as the cultivation of millets is considered, their yield is compromised by several biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, weed infestation is one of the most important ones, which drastically reduces the yield of millets. Millets are slow growers at the early stages of their growth. Hence, if proper and timely weed management strategies are not taken then weeds deprive the crop of different growth resources such as nutrients, soil moisture, light, and space which ultimately hamper the yield. Several weed management strategies, namely, pre-emergence herbicides, and herbicide mixtures have been standardized for weed control in millets. However, limited kinds of literature are available suggesting the weed management options in millets, post-emergence herbicide options, and integrated weed management options. Post-emergence herbicides along with other methods of weed control can provide a season-long competition-free environment to the millet crops which will increase millet productivity. The available weed management options from different works of literature have been discussed in this article.