Status of glycemic index of paddy rice grain (Oryza sativa L.) on infestation by storage pest Sitotroga cerealella

The harvested paddy rice grains are normally stored by growers under normal conditions. Paddy rice grains are natural food for storage pests like Sitotroga. cerealella, a major insect that appears during paddy storage. The changes in grain composition due to such insect infestation in relation to human health especially the alteration in their Glycemic Index (GI) value have not been studied so far. The present investigation was aimed at studying the effect of S. cerealella infestation on rice grain quality and glycemic index of stored paddy grains. Five diverse rice genotypes with different quality traits were evaluated for grain quality after S. cerealella infestation. The tolerance to insect and variation of grain quality varied with rice genotype significantly. The glycemic index, glycemic load, total carbohydrate, amylose content and resistant starch were affected to a great extent. The consumption of affected grains may create health issue due to imbalance in nutrition and unhygienic condition. Improper storage of paddy after harvesting and processing results in infestation by pests at a large scale. Thus, the grain quality needs to be evaluated to judge the suitability of affected grain for consumption.

Physiological and Biochemical changes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Complete Submergence

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple food crops for approximately 557 million people in Southeast Asia including India. In our state Odisha it is the staple food of 37 million people grown in 4.4 m ha of area. Submergence is one of main environmental stresses to rice growth and productivity in large rice-growing areas, especially in the flood-prone rainfed lowlands in South and Southeast Asia, where it regularly affects about 15 to 20 million hectares of rice land. Flash flooding can cover the entire plant for prolonged periods, and most rice cultivars die within 7 d of complete submergence. Complete submergence of rice leads to reduced growth and yield. Rice is a semi-aquatic species and has a reputation for growing well under flooded conditions however, it is also the case that rice is not well adapted to sudden and total inundation when this is sustained for several days the effect can be fatal. Many physiological and biochemical changes occur during submergence to sustain the plant in harsh condition.

Effects of Irrigation on Potato: a Boon for Its Yield

Water is the vital source for crop production and is the most limiting factor in Indian agricultural scenario. Though India has the largest irrigation network, the irrigation efficiency has not been achieved more than 40 per cent. Due to water scarcity, the available water resources should be very effectively utilized through water saving irrigation technologies. Economic use of water is a vital problem which confronts farmers and agricultural scientists in irrigated areas of arid and semi-arid regions. The limited groundwater reserve is the major constraint for irrigation water supply. Improper irrigation water operation accounts for significant water losses in large area in our country. Consequently, the use of modern irrigation systems in irrigation operation and scheduling is essential for the reduction of irrigation water demands. Various research works have been conducted by many workers to find out optimum irrigation level of potato, so as to minimize the cost of cultivation. The relevant literature available on these aspects in state, country and abroad has been briefly reviewed in this paper.

Rice Bran and Its Potential: An user Prospective

Rice bran could be a by-product created throughout the method of milling. The bran constitutes nearly 7%-8.5% of the whole grain. The bran consists of the pericarp, tegmen (the layer covering the endosperm), aleurone, and sub-aleurone. Proximate analysis of rice bran by various researchers shows that rice bran is highly enriched with vitamins including vitamin E, thiamine, niacin, also minerals like aluminium, calcium, potassium, sodium, zinc etc. Apart from vitamin and minerals rice bran is also rich in protein, fiber, moisture and ash. Various antioxidants like tocopherols, tocotrienols, oryzanol that inhibits platelet aggregation and prevents cardiovascular diseases are present in the rice bran oil. Rice bran also contains polyphenols (ferulic acid, caffeic acid, salicylic acid), phytosterols (β-sitosterol). These metabolites found in rice bran are likely to work synergistically to contribute to rice bran’s functional food properties which make the biochemical composition of rice bran an attractive research platform to work with. This review article shade light upon the probabilities of multiple nutritional therapies and medical application from user prospective.

Status of glycemic index of paddy rice grain (Oryza sativa L.) on infestation by storage pest Sitotroga cerealella

The harvested paddy rice grains are normally stored by growers under normal conditions. Paddy rice grains are natural food for storage pests like Sitotroga. cerealella, a major insect that appears during paddy storage. The changes in grain composition due to such insect infestation in relation to human health especially the alteration in their Glycemic Index (GI) value have not been studied so far. The present investigation was aimed at studying the effect of S. cerealella infestation on rice grain quality and glycemic index of stored paddy grains. Five diverse rice genotypes with different quality traits were evaluated for grain quality after S. cerealella infestation. The tolerance to insect and variation of grain quality varied with rice genotype significantly. The glycemic index, glycemic load, total carbohydrate, amylose content and resistant starch were affected to a great extent. The consumption of affected grains may create health issue due to imbalance in nutrition and unhygienic condition. Improper storage of paddy after harvesting and processing results in infestation by pests at a large scale. Thus, the grain quality needs to be evaluated to judge the suitability of affected grain for consumption.

Phytic acid: Blessing in disguise, a prime compound required for both plant and human nutrition

Phytic acid (PA), [myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate] is the principal storage compound of phosphorus
(P) and account for 65%–85% of the seeds total P. The negative charge on PA attracts and chelates metal cations
resulting in a mixed insoluble salt, phytate. Phytate contains six negatively charged ions, chelates divalent
cations such as Fe2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ rendering them unavailable for absorption by monogastric animals.
This may lead to micronutrient deficiencies in humans since they lack the enzyme phytase that hydrolyzes
phytate and releases the bound micronutrients. There are two main concerns about the presence of PA in human
diet. The first is its negative impact on the bioavailability of several minerals and the second is the evidence of PA
inhibiting various proteases essential for protein degradation and the subsequent digestion in stomach and small
intestine. The beneficial role of PA has been underestimated due to its distinct negative consequences. PA is
reported to be a potent natural plant antioxidant which plays a protective role against oxidative stress in seeds
and preventive role in various human diseases. Recently beneficial roles of PA as an antidiabetic and antibacterial
agent has been reported. Thus, the development of grains with low-PA and modified distribution pattern
can be achieved through fine-tuning of its content in the seeds.

Rice Genome Editing through CRISPR/Cas9: Where are We?

Molecular Pharming: Plant as a Bioreactor

Plant Bioacoustics: Do Plants Really Listen and Talk?

‘Omics’ technology and ‘Bioinformatics’ in Agriculture

Vegetables For Healthy Life

Plant Environment Interaction in Developing Crop Species Resilient to Climate Change

Phytic acid: Blessing in disguise, a prime compound required for both plant and human nutrition

Phytic acid (PA), [myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate] is the principal storage compound of phosphorus (P) and account for 65%–85% of the seeds total P. The negative charge on PA attracts and chelates metal cations resulting in a mixed insoluble salt, phytate. Phytate contains six negatively charged ions, chelates divalent cations such as Fe2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ rendering them unavailable for absorption by monogastric animals. This may lead to micronutrient deficiencies in humans since they lack the enzyme phytase that hydrolyzes phytate and releases the bound micronutrients. There are two main concerns about the presence of PA in human diet. The first is its negative impact on the bioavailability of several minerals and the second is the evidence of PA inhibiting various proteases essential for protein degradation and the subsequent digestion in stomach and small intestine. The beneficial role of PA has been underestimated due to its distinct negative consequences. PA is reported to be a potent natural plant antioxidant which plays a protective role against oxidative stress in seeds and preventive role in various human diseases. Recently beneficial roles of PA as an antidiabetic and antibacterial agent has been reported. Thus, the development of grains with low-PA and modified distribution pattern can be achieved through fine-tuning of its content in the seeds.

Phytic acid (PA), [myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate] is the principal storage compound of phosphorus (P) and account for 65%–85% of the seeds total P. The negative charge on PA attracts and chelates metal cations resulting in a mixed insoluble salt, phytate. Phytate contains six negatively charged ions, chelates divalent cations such as Fe2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ rendering them unavailable for absorption by monogastric animals. This may lead to micronutrient deficiencies in humans since they lack the enzyme phytase that hydrolyzes phytate and releases the bound micronutrients. There are two main concerns about the presence of PA in human diet. The first is its negative impact on the bioavailability of several minerals and the second is the evidence of PA inhibiting various proteases essential for protein degradation and the subsequent digestion in stomach and small intestine. The beneficial role of PA has been underestimated due to its distinct negative consequences. PA is reported to be a potent natural plant antioxidant which plays a protective role against oxidative stress in seeds and preventive role in various human diseases. Recently beneficial roles of PA as an antidiabetic and antibacterial agent has been reported. Thus, the development of grains with low-PA and modified distribution pattern can be achieved through fine-tuning of its content in the seeds.