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Beekeeping
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A field experiment was conducted to study the “Diversity of insect pollinators on Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) in Odisha†during Kharif, 2017-2018 at the Entomology block in Central Research Station of Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The Pigeon pea crop attracted eleven species of pollinators represented by 3 families viz., Apidae (45.5%), Megachilidae (36.4%) and Vespidae (18.2%) of order hymenoptera. Species wise diversity indicated that Megachile lanata Fab. was the most dominant one (29.1%) followed by Megachile disjuncta Fab. (20.5%), Tetragonula iridipennis Smith (14.2%), Apis cerana indica Fab. (10.95%), Megachile bicolor Fab. (10.7%), Xylocopa latipes Drury (8.5%), Megachile hera Bingham (2.1%), Eumenes spp. (1.7%), Xylocopa aestuans Lin. (1.2%), Vespa tropica Lin. (0.8%) and Apis dorsata Fab. (0.2%). All the pollinators were active during early and mid-flowering stage except X. latipes which was more active on the late flowering stage. During various flowering stages (69-159 DAS) of the crop the number of species varied from 5-11 with the Simpson’s diversity index of 0.602-0.897. In general the diversity was almost uniform because of the evenness of the species.
Field experiments were conducted during Kharif, 2017-2018 undertaken at Entomology Research Station of Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar to study the occurrence of different insect pollinators on Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.). Though Pigeon pea is a self pollinated crop with cleistogamous type of flower, it is visited by an array of insects. Under agroclimatic conditions of Odisha, It attracted eleven species of important pollinators represented by family Apidae (45.5%), Megachilidae (36.4%) and Vespidae (18.2%) all belonging to a single order hymenoptera barring stay population of Dipterans and Lepidopterans. Species wise diversity indicated that Megachile lanata Fab. was the most dominant one (29.1%) followed by Megachile disjuncta Fab. (20.5%), Tetragonula iridipennis Smith (14.2%), Apis cerana indica Fab. (10.95%) Megachile bicolor Fab. (10.7%), Xylocopa latipes Drury (8.5%), Megachile hera Bingham (2.1%), Eumenes spp. (1.7%), Xylocopa aestuans Lin. (1.2%), Vespa tropica Lin. (0.8%) and Apis dorsata Fab. (0.2%). It is inferred from the present investigation that Pigeon pea is an ideal crop supporting an array of pollinators, most important being the M. lanata.
The study
entitled “Diversity of Insect pollinators and their effect on yield parameters
of Sesamum, Sesamum indicum L. in Gajapati District of Odisha†was
carried out during Rabi, 2018-19 and
Summer, 2019 at Research field of Department of Entomology, MSSSoA,
CUTM, Paralakhemundi, Odisha. The Sesamum crop attracted thirteen species of
pollinators, out of which species belonging to family Apidae were the maximum
(72.7%) and the rest three families i.e. Megachilidae, Halictidae and Vespidae,
each one contributing around 9% of the
total population, all belonging to single order hymenoptera. Species wise
diversity indicated that Apis cerana indica was the most dominant one
constituting 29 per cent of the total foragers followed by Ceratina
smaragdula (14%), Thyreus ramosus (11%), Xylocopa latipes (10%), Megachile
lanata (8%), Tetragonula
iridipennis (7%), Amegilla
zonata (5%). All the
pollinators were active during early and mid flowering stage except X.
latipes which was more active on the late flowering stage. The time
spent by the bees on Sesamum crop was more during 11:00 A.M. (7.00 sec)
followed by 9:00 AM. (6.5 sec) and 16:00 P.M. (5.7 sec). This study proved that
pollination service significantly increased the yield of the crop as open
pollination plot recorded with highest yield (226 kg/ha) followed by bee
pollination (209.6 kg/ha) and the least was recorded in pollination exclusion
plot (169.8 kg/ha). Along with the yield, other parameters like effect of
pollinators on plant height, capsules per plant, thousand seed weight (g),
yield (kg/ha) and oil content was proved to be significant and indicated a per
cent increase of 15.4, 32.4, 12.8, 35.3 and 23.7 respectively in case of open
pollination and 2.9, 23.06, 10.04, 23.4 and 21.4 respectively in bee
pollination over pollination exclusion plot.
The present investigation on occurrence of Odonates was carried out in the campus of M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture (MSSSoA), CUTM, Paralakhemundi during 2018-2019. A total of 21 species of Odonata including 14 species of dragonflies under 1 family – Libellulidae of Anisoptera and 7 species of damselflies under 1 family – Coenagrionidae of Zygoptera were recorded from three different types of habitats in MSSSoA campus. The species belonging to the family Libellulidae was found to be abundant with 14 species followed by the family Coenagrionidae with 7species.
Hyposidra talaca Walker, a polyphagous pest which is considered as a major defoliating pest of tea in north-east India has been reported to feed on a variety of trees, shrubs and weeds. H. talaca, commonly known as black inch worm or twig caterpillar, was recently noticed to cause a considerable damage in Clerodendrum indicum, a medicinal shrub which is gaining worldwide recognition and importance because of its outstanding medicinal properties in MSSSoA campus during 2018-19. Biology of the pest when studied was observed that the incubation period was about 5.8±0.55 days and there were five larval instars in its complete life cycle. The total larval duration of H. talaca was 18.1±2.73 days. In the laboratory, the life cycle of H. talaca completed within 47±4.79 days.
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