Fast pyrolysis of Kaner (Thevetia peruviana) Seed to Fuel and Chemicals

Production and characterization of bio oil and bio char from flax seed residue obtained from supercritical fluid extraction industry

Kinetic study of thermal degradation of microalgae Arthrospira platensis by iso-conversational methods

The thermal degradation kinetics of microalgae Arthrospira platensis was investigated by dynamic thermogravimetry in a nitrogen atmosphere, at the temperature range of 30 °C to 900 °C at constant heating rates of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C/min respectively. Three distinct mass change stages in the thermogravimetric analysis curves indicated that the degradation was attributed to different components.
The model-free iso-conversional methods including Friedman, modified Coats and Redfern, Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods have been employed to calculate activation energies as a function of the extent of degradation. The average activation energies calculated using the methods are found similar. The results show that these methods were suitable and effective to describe the thermal degradation of the microalgae.

Pyrolytic conversion of protein rich microalgae Arthrospira platensis to bio-oil

A protein-rich microalgae species Arthrospira platensis was pyrolyzed in a semi batch reactor using two clay catalysts kaolin and calcium bentonite to
understand the effects of temperature and catalysts on the yield and composition of bio oil. The optimum temperature for a higher bio oil yield of 55.9 wt. % was 500°C. The bio-oil yield decreased in presence of both
the clay catalysts. The effect was more pronounced with kaolin as compared to calcium bentonite. The energy recovery in kaolin catalyzed pyrolysis was lower than thermal and calcium bentonite catalyzed
reactions. The FTIR and GC/MS results of the algal bio-oil conform the presence of nitrogenous compounds, alcohols, acids, esters, phenols,
hydrocarbons, carbonyl compounds and aromatic compounds. The aromatics fractions in the bio-oil increased significantly in presence of clay catalysts. The bio-oil was slightly alkaline with higher HHV, comparative specific gravity and viscosity as that of fossil fuel.

Performance, emission, energy, and exergy analysis of CI engine using Kaner seed pyrolysis oil blended diesel

This work reports the engine performance, emission parameters, and energy-exergy characteristics of a twin cylinder four-stroke CI engine fueled with Diesel blended Kaner seed pyrolysis oil (KSPO). KSPO is obtained by the thermal pyrolysis of Kaner (Thevetia peruviana) seed at 600
C in a batch reactor and mixed with diesel in the ratio of 5, 10, 15, and 20%, to use in the engine. Brake thermal efficiency is marginally higher
and brake specific fuel consumption is comparatively lower for KSPO-diesel blend as compared to pure diesel fuel operation. Low carbon monoxide emission and high hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen and smoke emission is observed with KSPO—diesel blend. In addition, energy and exergy values of KSPO-diesel with different blends at different loads are evaluated. Fuel exergy rate of the blended fuel is higher than pure diesel fuel where as exergetic efficiency of the blended fuel found is lower than pure diesel fuel. Moreover, the exergetic efficiency is increased with increasing engine load.

Determination of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of thermal degradation of different biomasses for pyrolysis

In this work, we studied the kinetics and thermodynamics of thermal degradation of three different biomasses such as Kaner seed (Thevetia Peruviana), Flax seed (Linum Usitatissimum L.) residue, Microalgae (Arthrospira Platensis) using thermogravimetric analysis. Different kinetic parameters are determined using order based Mampel first-order model fitting method. The average activation energy for the different biomass are found to be 37.25 kJ/mol for kaner seed, 29.88 kJ/mol for flex seed residue and 23.55 kJ/mol for microalgae. The heating rate has an important role on the degradation pattern of the different biomasses and there is observable change in the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters with change in heating rate. The small increment in the thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change (ΔH), entropy change (ΔS) and free energy change (ΔG) are observed with increase in the heating rate for all biomass. The values these parameters for the thermal degradation of different biomass are in the order of Kaner seed > flax seed residue > microalgae. The determination of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters would provide valuable input to design more effective conversion systems.

Production of hydrocarbon rich fuel from abandoned beehive by pyrolysis

This work reports the possible conversion of beeswax to fuel oil through pyrolysis to produce an alternate and renewable fuel. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the thermal decomposition of beehive wax and pure beeswax is evaluated using a thermogravimetric analyser under non‐isothermal condition at different heating rates of 05, 10, 20°C/min in the temperature range from 30 to 600°C in nitrogen atmosphere. The first order model fitting method (Coats–Redfern method) is applied on the thermogravimetric analysis data of the samples to calculate the kinetic parameters including activation energy and pre‐exponential factor, and thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change, entropy change, and free energy change of the reaction. The activation energy values were 80.8 and 79.7 kJ/mol of beehive wax and pure beeswax, respectively. Higher heating rate affected not only the temperature of maximum

Thermal Degradation of Different Biomass to Fuel: Optimization of Process Parameters by Response Surface Methodology

Solar Cell- A Potential Candidate for Charge Particle Detection

A newly designed solar cell has been studied using the Monte Carlo simulation. The detail properties
have been explained in order to explore it as radiation detectors. It has found that the newly polymer
based semiconductor has a high potential for detector manufacturing.

Simulation of 50keV Argon ion on ZnO Nanoparticles using SRIM, Indian Journal of Natural Sciences

The Monte-carlo simulation of irradiation of argon ions having energy of 50 keV on zinc oxide (ZnO)
nanoparticles is carried out in order to obtain the distribution of ions, recoil distribution, energy to recoils
and ionization data, which will support the experimental dataobtained after irradiation.The SRIM
(Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) software is used to calculate the impact on the structure of ZnO
nano particles when irradiated with the Argon ions of potential of 50 keV.

Simulation of 50 keV Argon ion on SrO2 Nanoparticles using SRIM

In this work, the Monte-carlo based simulation of irradiation of inert gas (Argon) ions with energy 50
keV on Strontium peroxide nanoparticles has been reported. SRIM, a process of simulation has been used
to study the impact of collision of the ions on the target, Strontium peroxide (SrO2). The average ion
range is 992 A and the concentration of ions in the target SrO2 is found to be 7936 × 1015 atoms/cm3 when
the fluenceis 8 X 1015 atoms/cm2. The advantages of the simulation process is that, it aids to collect a very
good quantity of information about ion induced effects, that is extremely necessary for the experiments
on the irradiation of ions on the surface of SrO2 nanoparticles.

Study of NaI and CsI Scintillator for Radiation Detection

The radiation detection is very important and from decades, people are trying to synthesize many
varieties of detectors. Out of which scintillators are very important. A montecarlo based study has been
done using inorganic scintillator and found that these are very good response to radiation dose and also
for different charge particle. The details have been presented.

SRIM Simulation of 50 keV Argon Ions impact on CuO Nanoparticles

SRIM: A tool to predict the defects on ceramic (Cu2O) nanoparticle using argon ion bombardment

Collision Dynamic Simulation of Sodium-Ion Having Energy 200 keV on Vanadium Nanoparticles using IM3D

We have employed the IM3D simulation to understand the collision dynamics of 200 keV sodium ion
impact on vanadium nanoparticles as the target atoms. This simulation data is really helpful to explain
the phenomena happened after the collisions with energetic sodium ions before moving towards the
costly experiments. The projected average range of the sodium ions obtained nearly 0.9 nm at which
nearly 8600 number of ions have been intruded. Target displacements due to the vacancies i.e. 1.7 X 106
and the replacement collisions 0.8 X 106 remained 1.8 X 106 within an error bar of 33 %. They also induce
phonons from the vanadium materials apart from atomic collisions.

Iradina Simulation of Alkali-Ion Having Energy 200 keV on Vanadium Nanoparticles

We have utilized iradina simulation, a GUI package to realize the impact of 200 keV sodium ion impact
on vanadium nanoparticles as the target atoms and the production of vacancies, displaced atoms, and
replacement collisions. This simulation data is certainly supportive to elucidate the phenomena that
occurred after the impacts with energetic alkali ions like sodium before the experimental works. We have
simulated for the transport 107 ions through a single cell of vanadium nanoparticle and then added up to
draw the conclusions regarding defects produced. Atomic displacements occurred 2000 on a single cell
per single ion incidence whereas the vacancies found to be. 1500 and the replacement collisions remained
500.

Sustainable Conversion of Biomass to Energy

Polymer nanocomposites from waste thermoplastics

Various waste fillers used for eco-friendly polymer composites

Waste Management for Sustainable Ecosystem

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MESOPOROUS CERIUM OXIDE FOR TOXIC AS(V) REMOVAL: PERFORMANCE AND MECHANISTIC STUDIES

. In the present work, the adsorption of carcinogenic pentavalent arsenic (As(V)) from an aqueous solution was studied using mesoporous cerium oxide (MCO). The MCO was synthesized in the precipitation process and confirmed by FT-IR, SEM-EDX, XRD, and BET instrumental techniques. Batch adsorption showed that 95% of As(V) was removed in the optimum conditions of 0.60 g/L adsorbent dose, 10 mg/L initial concentration, time 30 min, and pH 3. Pseudo-secondorder kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model were fitted to the experimental data. The MCO had a high surface area of 191.97 m2/g and a maximum adsorption capacity of 58.25 mg/g at pH 3. MCO could be able to remove 88% and 82% in the first and second cycles after being desorbed with 0.1 M NaOH solution. The Zeta potential and FTIR studies suggested that electrostatic attraction and ligand exchange mechanisms were responsible for As(V) adsorption.

Investigation on Thermokinetic Study and Optimization of Sugarcane Bagasse Thermal Pyrolysis

In this article, studies on kinetics and thermodynamics of sugarcane bagasse (SB) pyrolysis using thermogravimetric data have been carried out. The optimization of the process parameters involved in thermal pyrolysis was also investigated using a statistical technique called response surface methodology. The investigations on the physical properties of SB have revealed the presence of a high amount of volatile matter of about 79.54 wt% and less ash content of 3.02 wt% and a heating value of 18.27 MJ/kg. The thermogravimetric analysis of SB was performed at 5, 10, 15, and 20 C/min heating rate under the inert atmosphere of nitrogen with a flow rate of 100 ml/ min. The thermogravimetric studies have confirmed that the maximum degradation occurred in the temperature range of 200–500 C. The kinetic parameters of SB pyrolysis at different heating rates were estimated by using Mampel’s first-order model-fitting method. The kinetic study has manifested an optimum activation energy value of 83.56 kJ/mol at 10 C/min and a lower activation energy of 76.22 kJ/mol at 15 C/min. The average activation energy of all the heating rates was obtained to be 79.04 kJ/mol. The thermodynamic studies affirmed an average DS value of - 150.27 J/K/mol, DH value of 73.819 kJ/mol, and DG value of 168.294 kJ/mol, respectively. The optimization studies showed that the maximum bio-oil yield was 43.02 wt% at optimum parameters such as the temperature of 500 C, a nitrogen flow rate of 100 ml/ min, and a heating rate of 20 C/min, respectively. The gross calorific value and kinematic viscosity of the bio-oil obtained at optimum condition were found to be 34.02 MJ/ kg and 14.20 cSt., respectively. It was also observed that the bio-oil obtained at optimum conditions contains a high amount of water of 23.70% attributing to a lesser calorific value of the bio-oil. Hence, it can be corroborated that the properties like water content, conradsons carbon residue, oxygen content, and kinematic viscosity need to be upgraded to make it a viable fuel source. Keywords Sugarcane bagasse  Thermogravimetric analysis  Kinetics  Thermodynamics  Response surface methodology

Simulation for Argon Ion Exposure to Layered Calcium Oxide

The Monte-Carlo simulation called SRIM was used to study the damage caused in the regular structure of the material when argon with an energy of 60 keV was irradiated on calcium oxide (CaO). The simulation is done to know the distribution of ions, recoil distribution, energy to recoils, and ionisation data, which will support the experimental data obtained after irradiation.

Investigation of Lithium-Ion Bombardment on Dichloromethane Using SRIM

The Monte-Carlo simulation of Lithium (Li+) ions with an energy of 50 keV irradiating Dichloromethane is performed in order to acquire ion distribution, recoil distribution, energy to recoils, and ionisation data, which will support the experimental data obtained after irradiation. The impact on the structure of Dichloromethane when bombarded with Li ions with a potential of 50 keV is calculated using the SRIM (Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) software.

Pyrolysis of low-rank coal: Thermo-kinetic analysis and product characterization

Effect of coal grade and heating rate on the thermal degradation behavior, kinetics, and thermodynamics of pyrolysis of low-rank coal