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Whiteflies are one of the important pest group that occurs in almost all kind of crops they inflict direct damage by sucking of plant sap by both nymphal and adult stages and also by acting as vector for many viral diseases. They also indirectly inflict damage by secreting honeydew that attracts sooty mould fungus and thereby affecting the photosynthetic process of the plant. In a past few years three major whitefly species have entered India and has created menace in coconut plantations all over the country and also some other fruit crops. The pest raised some biosecurity concerns and CPCRI, Kasargod and NBAIR, Bengaluru has declared pest alert against these whiteflies. In order to understand more about the biology, variation among the species, damaging symptoms and their management this review article has been written.
Climate change is a reality and affects the poor in developing countries in many ways such as yield potential. This chapter presents a detailed analysis of crop-climate relationships An overview of the state of the knowledge of possible effect of the climate variability and change on scenario of pest and its management strategies due to increase in mean temperatures, CO2 increase. In this chapter there is a detailed study on the impact of the global climate change on the pest population, spread, distribution and seasonal dynamics of insect pests, insect resistance expression, natural enemies, effectiveness and activity of bio-pesticides and synthetic insecticides and also the Diversification of current pest management strategies to mitigate the effects of global climate change.
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is a major cash crop that is inherently attacked by a number of pests owing to increased and injudicious rate of insecticide application. Employ proper and timely management strategy and to minimize the injudicious use of pesticides in cotton it is necessary to study the incidence behaviour of the pests. An experiment was conducted in the year 2017-18 at the Institutional research farm (C-Block) of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal aiming to evaluate the infestation level and seasonal incidence of major pests of cotton and their natural enemies. From the results it is concluded that the sucking pests of cotton viz. jassids, whitefly and red cotton bug incidence begins from the first week of crop growth and continues to achieve peak growth in the months September and October. Major borer pest viz. Helicoverpa armigera maintained a relatively low population during vegetative stage but increase in population was observed in boll stage.
field experiment was conducted in the year 2018 at University Experimental Farm, ‘C’ Unit, BCKV, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal to evaluate insecticide molecules against yellow stem borer, Leaf folder and hopper pest in rice variety “Satabdi/Minikate” comprising seven treatments including control and three replication in randomized block design during summer 2018. The experimental data revealed that the least leaf folder population i.e. 0.00 and 0.33 was recorded in the treatments Acephate 95% SG@ 562.5 g a.i./ha followed by Acephate 95% SG@ 500 g a.i./ha. (100 and 95.87% reduction over control) and were on par with other, least percentage of dead hearts 0.55% and 0.91% was recorded in the treatments Acephate 95% SG @ 562.5 g a.i./ha followed by Acephate 95% SG @ 500 g a.i./ha. (94.78% and 91.30% reduction over control). The yield data of Grain Rice was highest 33.50 and 32.50 q/ha Acephate 95% SG@ 562.5 g a.i./ha and Acephate 95% SG@ 500 g a.i./ha.
Growth of the profitable beekeeping industry totally dependent upon the bee species, bee colony selection, bee management and bee forage. The research investigations were conducted in Apiary Unit situated at M S Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha. To investigate the mean pollen carrying capacity of workers at different times of the day in the study period and mean pollen stores and honey stores of foraging bees at all seasons of the study period and also pollen and honey area were recorded simultaneously. The present investigation has concluded that the pollen foraging activity decreased at higher ambient temperatures. The pollen carrying capacity was more during winter months followed by summer and rainy season. The peak pollen gathering activity was observed during 09:00 AM followed by 12:00 PM and 03:00 PM of the day. Higher honey area was observed during summer season whereas higher pollen area was observed during winter months of the year in the combs. The rainy season regarded as dearth period neither is a good time for pollen load nor for honey production.
Growth of the profitable beekeeping industry totally dependent upon the bee species, bee colony selection, bee management and bee forage. The research investigations were conducted in Apiary Unit situated at M S Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha. To investigate the mean pollen carrying capacity of workers at different times of the day in the study period and mean pollen stores and honey stores of foraging bees at all seasons of the study period and also pollen and honey area were recorded simultaneously. The present investigation has concluded that the pollen foraging activity decreased at higher ambient temperatures. The pollen carrying capacity was more during winter months followed by summer and rainy season. The peak pollen gathering activity was observed during 09:00 AM followed by 12:00 PM and 03:00 PM of the day. Higher honey area was observed during summer season whereas higher pollen area was observed during winter months of the year in the combs. The rainy season regarded as dearth period neither is a good time for pollen load nor for honey production.