Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn: A review

Synergistic Effect of Naringin and Glimepiride in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Objective: Evaluation of the synergistic effect of Naringin and Glimepiride in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: Wistar rats were chosen and divided into five groups (n=6). STZ was used for the induction of diabetes. The combination of naringin and glimepiride was administered to diabetic rats. The changes in fasting blood sugar, body weight, Hb, HbA1c, and creatinine were evaluated, and urine was collected and the volume was observed. The lipid profiles like TC, HDL, LDL, and TG were measured. The biochemical parameters SGOT, SGPT, and ALP were analysed. Besides, endogenous antioxidant parameters like SOD, GSH, and catalase were also assessed. Lastly, the histopathological study of the beta cells in islets of the pancreas, glomerulus, and tubules of kidney and liver cells was conducted in all groups.

Results: The result shows significant reduction (p<0.001) of blood sugar in the naringin and glimepiride-treated group when compared with the control group (diabetes). Additionally, the combination of Naringin (100 mg/kg) and Glimepiride (0.1 mg/kg) significantly restores the creatinine levels and urine volumes, SGOT, SGPT, and ALP when compared to a single dose of administration. Further, the abnormal lipid profile levels (TC, LDL, TG, and HDL), and endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, catalase) in diabetic control rats were restored to normal levels in a significant manner. The histopathological result reveals significant alterations, including hypertrophy of islets and mild degeneration, renal necrosis, and inflammation of hepatocytes.

Conclusion: A synergistic effect of Naringin and glimepiride was observed during the estimation of various biochemical parameters like body weight, fasting blood sugar, creatinine, urine level, TG, total cholesterol, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Insulin, HbA1c, antioxidant parameters like SOD, GSH, and catalase in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Further, the combination of therapy improves the protective effect of the pancreas, kidney, and liver, suggesting a potential antidiabetic effect.

A Comprehensive Review on Promising Phytopharmacological Applications of Chamomile Flower

Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L., Chamomilla recutita L., Matricaria chamomilla) is one of the most favoured single ingredient herbs.
Chamomile tea is prepared by brewing the dried flower heads which has been used as traditional remedy. It is a crop introduced into India,
mainly grown in Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir states of India. The valuable unknown properties of this multipurpose herb
should be explored to determine the therapeutic properties of its different parts, extracts, oils, etc. The flowers constitute many phenolic
compounds like flavonoids, apigenin, patuletin, glucosides, luteolin and quercetin as main components. This herb is used as an antioxidant,
antidepressant, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic and hepatoprotective agents. In addition to
that, it is also useful in treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, premenstrual syndrome, knee osteoarthritis andulcerative colitis. Matricaria
Recutita chamomilla L. is used for both therapeutically and non-therapeutically around the globe that precipitate its remarkable worth.
Chamomile contents of essential oils are widely used in aromatherapy and cosmetics. Most popular chamomile preparation is herbal tea
which has been developed and consumed by more than one million cups per day across the globe. This review article briefs about the
therapeutic efficiency along with phytology and cultivation techniques

Promising Flavonoids Against Neuropathic Pain: Their Mechanism And Therapeutic Opportunities

Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options of covid-19:evidence and experience

Flavonoids and their Role in the Remedy of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review

The impact of diabetes mellitus on the health care system is significant due to its global prevalence affecting millions of individuals. This
condition is commonly related with factors such as obesity, urbanization, and genetic alterations. Those with diabetes mellitus have
elevated blood glucose levels because an inability to produce, secrete or bind to insulin causes a lowering of insulin levels. Flavonoids are
phenolic compounds found in fruits, vegetables and fungi. Carbon atoms are comprised of 15 chains of three carbon atoms in a skeleton.
The anthocyanidin family includes flavonoids, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, flavanols and flavonoids. In addition to their antidiabetic
properties, flavonoids also have antioxidant properties. Molecular mechanisms underlying the antidiabetic properties of dietary flavonoids
are summarized in this review. Other natural compounds with antidiabetic properties include cosmosiin, didymin, diosmin, naringin,
isosiennsetin, nobiletin, poncirin, quercetin, rhoifolin, sinensetin, naringenin, sudachitin, rutin, hesperidin and tangeretin, which also improve
lipid and phospholipid metabolism. The progression of diabetes is influenced by diabetes biomarkers. Citrus flavonoids are therefore
promising candidates for antidiabetic action, even though further research is necessary to prove their effectiveness.

The impact of diabetes mellitus on the health care system is significant due to its global prevalence affecting millions of individuals. This
condition is commonly related with factors such as obesity, urbanization, and genetic alterations. Those with diabetes mellitus have
elevated blood glucose levels because an inability to produce, secrete or bind to insulin causes a lowering of insulin levels. Flavonoids are
phenolic compounds found in fruits, vegetables and fungi. Carbon atoms are comprised of 15 chains of three carbon atoms in a skeleton.
The anthocyanidin family includes flavonoids, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, flavanols and flavonoids. In addition to their antidiabetic
properties, flavonoids also have antioxidant properties. Molecular mechanisms underlying the antidiabetic properties of dietary flavonoids
are summarized in this review. Other natural compounds with antidiabetic properties include cosmosiin, didymin, diosmin, naringin,
isosiennsetin, nobiletin, poncirin, quercetin, rhoifolin, sinensetin, naringenin, sudachitin, rutin, hesperidin and tangeretin, which also improve
lipid and phospholipid metabolism. The progression of diabetes is influenced by diabetes biomarkers. Citrus flavonoids are therefore
promising candidates for antidiabetic action, even though further research is necessary to prove their effectiveness.