Morphological and molecular-based differentiation of diverse seedlings of polyembryonic mango genotypes

Nucellar seedlings of polyembryonic varieties are utilized as rootstocks hence distinguishing nucellar from zygotic seedlings in the polyembryonic kernel is crucial for obtaining clonal rootstock material. The current study aimed to identify the origin of multiple seedlings in the polyembryonic Mango cultivars Vellaikulamban and Olour with monoembryonic reference Totapuri. Morphological studies on embryos’ position, fresh weight, length, and width of kernel embryos were recorded. Twelve markers were used to identify the origin of seedlings. The third position embryo in the polyembryonic kernels exhibited maximum fresh weight, length, and width followed by 4th and 2nd position embryos. However, the average embryos per kernel were maximum in Olour. Analysed PCR products were subjected to gene scan analysis and data was compared through the Neighbour Joining method. Eleven markers showed polymorphism in the differentiation of nucellar and zygotic seedlings. Based on the genetic dissimilarity, the genetically variant zygotic seedlings of polyembryonic genotypes (VK3C, OL-3C, OL-4D, Tota-1) were grouped with monoembryonic maternal Totapuri (Tota-M) in the same cluster while those nucellar originated seedlings of Vellaikulamban and Olour were grouped with their respective maternal parent (VK-M, OL-M). The current study provides a basic understanding of prior seedling identification for the selection of clonal rootstock for propagation.

Biochemical quality comparison of forced air dried osmo-dehydrated cashew apple products infused with spice mixture and sugar

Cashew apple is a pseudo-fruit available abundantly during harvest seasons (March to July) and majority of them goes as waste because of their perishability and poor shelf life. However, the absence of distinct exocarp and seeds are some of the potential advantages for processing utility. Hence, in the present study, osmo-dehydrated products were prepared from two maturity stages i.e. breaker and ripe stages using sugar, spice mixture and were referred to as cashew fig and chew, respectively. The drying efficiency and product recovery were conquered by cashew chew and fig, respectively. Based on the biochemical and organoleptic qualities, ripe fruits were found suitable for preparation of chew and fig. The tannin content responsible for acridity got reduced (chew of ripe stage 1.18 to 0.53 mg/g and chew of breaker stage 1.85 to 0.68 mg/g) during the process of osmodehydration. Excluding total antioxidant activity, all other biochemical properties were found to be improved compared to their respective controls.

Impact of salinity stress on citrus production and its alleviation strategies

Salinity stress poses a significant threat to citrus cultivation, impacting overall plant growth, yield, and fruit quality. High salt concentrations in the soil or irrigation water disrupt the osmotic balance, leading to water deficit and ion toxicity. Consequently, citrus crops experience reduced yields and compromised economic viability. Understanding the impact of salinity stress on citrus production is crucial for developing effective management strategies. This review provides an overview of salinity stress in citrus, its impact on yield, current management strategies, the role of resistant or tolerant rootstocks, and potential areas of future research. Salinity stress negatively affects citrus yield through multiple mechanisms. Osmotic stress reduces water availability to plants, impairing cell expansion, photosynthesis, and nutrient uptake. Ion toxicity disrupts cellular functions, causing nutrient imbalances and metabolic disorders. These physiological disruptions ultimately lead to decreased fruit set, smaller fruit size, lower sugar content, and reduced overall yield. To manage salinity stress in citrus, the use of resistant or tolerant rootstocks has proven effective. Rootstocks such as Cleopatra mandarin, Troyer citrange, and Swingle citrumelo possess inherent tolerance to salinity and can mitigate the adverse effects on scion varieties. Selecting appropriate rootstocks based on their salinity tolerance levels and compatibility with desired scion varieties is crucial for successful salinity management. In conclusion, salinity stress poses a significant challenge to citrus production, impacting yield and quality. The adoption of resistant or tolerant rootstocks, coupled with the continued research on the molecular and genetic basis of salinity tolerance, holds promise for developing effective strategies to manage salinity stress in citrus crops and ensure sustainable citrus production in the future.

Salinity stress poses a significant threat to citrus cultivation, impacting overall plant growth, yield, and fruit quality. High salt concentrations in the soil or irrigation water disrupt the osmotic balance, leading to water deficit and ion toxicity. Consequently, citrus crops experience reduced yields and compromised economic viability. Understanding the impact of salinity stress on citrus production is crucial for developing effective management strategies. This review provides an overview of salinity stress in citrus, its impact on yield, current management strategies, the role of resistant or tolerant rootstocks, and potential areas of future research. Salinity stress negatively affects citrus yield through multiple mechanisms. Osmotic stress reduces water availability to plants, impairing cell expansion, photosynthesis, and nutrient uptake. Ion toxicity disrupts cellular functions, causing nutrient imbalances and metabolic disorders. These physiological disruptions ultimately lead to decreased fruit set, smaller fruit size, lower sugar content, and reduced overall yield. To manage salinity stress in citrus, the use of resistant or tolerant rootstocks has proven effective. Rootstocks such as Cleopatra mandarin, Troyer citrange, and Swingle citrumelo possess inherent tolerance to salinity and can mitigate the adverse effects on scion varieties. Selecting appropriate rootstocks based on their salinity tolerance levels and compatibility with desired scion varieties is crucial for successful salinity management. In conclusion, salinity stress poses a significant challenge to citrus production, impacting yield and quality. The adoption of resistant or tolerant rootstocks, coupled with the continued research on the molecular and genetic basis of salinity tolerance, holds promise for developing effective strategies to manage salinity stress in citrus crops and ensure sustainable citrus production in the future.