Factors responsible for adoption of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method in Puri district of Odisha

Technology Gap in Groundnut Production

CONSUMERS’PERCEPTION ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Knowledge Level of Farmers Regarding System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Method in Puri District of Odisha

IMPACT OF KVK TRAINING ON FARMERS OF JAGATSINGHPUR DISTRICT OF ODISHA

Socio-economic attributes of farmers adopting System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method-An Overview

Job Satisfaction of Agriculture Extension Professionals in India- A Review

Modern day farming challenges the mental health of farmers

An Overview of Q Methodology: Process, Application and Challenges

Constraints faced by Farmers towards Resource Management in Puri District, Odisha, India

Micropropagation of Cut Flowers: A Review

Response of Nutrient Levels and Various Planting Methods on Growth and Yield of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)

Effect of Micronutrients Foliar application on Growth, Yield Attributes and Quality parameter of Bitter Gourd [Momordica charantia] cv. F1 LHB–Swathi

Resource Management Behaviour of Odisha Farmers - A Review

EFFECT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC ATTRIBUTES ON KNOWLEDGE AND ADOPTION OF FARMERS TOWARDS TECHNOLOGY TRAINING IMPARTED BY KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA (KVK) JAGATSINGHPUR, ODISHA, INDIA

Knowledge level of tribal farmers of koraput district of odisha on cultivation of off season vegetables

Socio-economic Attributes of Farmers on their Adoption System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method in Puri District, Odisha

Input Management of Resources by Farmers of Puri District, Odisha

Micropropagation in Bamboo-An Overview

Waste Management through Soil Amendments: A Sustainable Agricultural Approach for Climate Change Mitigation

Giloy an Immune Modulatory Plant (Tinospora cordifolia)

Rauwolfia serpentina (L). Benth. ex Kurz. A Traditional Hypertensive Drug

Climate Resilient Agriculture in Odisha

Round Melon [Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo] an under exploited Vegetable

Effect of Different Types of Mulching on Quality of Guava under Meadow Orchard

Participation of Rural Youth of Bargarh District of Odisha in Agriculture and Allied Activities

The study was conducted in Bargarh district of Odisha state, during the year 2018-19 to detect, analyze and determine the participation of rural youth in different agriculture and allied activities with ex-post-facto survey research design. A total of 120 respondents covering six villages were selected as sample respondents. The data was collected by personal interview using well-structured questionnaire. Participation of rural youths in different agricultural and allied activities was recorded and analyzed using statistical measures. Higher participation of rural youths was found in ploughing, irrigation, harvesting and grazing of cattle with scores 1.92, 1.93, 1.97 and 1.85 respectively. Lower participation of rural youths was found in preparation of nursery, seed treatment, poultry care and harvesting fish with scores 1.73, 1.44, 1.36 and 1.36 respectively. The findings can be used by extension personnel and government departments for motivating and training the rural youths. (PDF) Participation of Rural Youth of Bargarh District of Odisha in Agriculture and Allied Activities.

Cost of Cultivation and Income Analysis of Hybrid Maize Cultivation in Nabarangpur District of Odisha

Maize is one of the most important and widely grown cereal crops in the tribal district of Odisha. The study was carried out to study the cost of cultivation and income measures received from the hybrid maize cultivation in Nabarangpur district of Odisha. A sample of 90 respondents was chosen through purposive cum proportionate random sampling and were categorised as marginal (30), small (30) and medium (30) size group of farm holdings. Personal interview with use of pre-structured interview schedule was used to collect data from farmers. Simple tabular analysis was performed to find out the result which revealed that cost of cultivation and gross income was associated positively with the size of farm. Large farmer experienced the highest variable cost of Rs 38407 followed by medium (Rs 34312.69) and small farmer (Rs30935.19). The component of variable cost like human labour accounted for the largest proportion of variable cost (53.73%) followed by fertiliser and manure (14.4%) and total machinery labour (12.47%). The utilisation of human labour was most prominent compared to machine and animal labour in the study area. The calculation of total fixed cost concluded that large farmer account for the highest expenditure of Rs 15734.87 compared to small (Rs15268.14) and medium farmer (Rs 15263.78). The rental value of owned land had a greater share towards contribution of total fixed cost, the value of which was highest in case of large farmer (Rs12054.62) compared to small (Rs11712.56) and medium (Rs11719.20) farmer. The present study inferred that per hectare total cost of cultivation was highest among large farmer (Rs 54142.71) compared to small (Rs 46203.33) and medium farmer (Rs 49576.47) while it was worked out to be Rs 49974.14 on an overall basis. The per hectare gross return received from the hybrid maize cultivation in the study area was Rs 78200.00, Rs 69700.00 and Rs 64600 in case of large, medium and small farmer respectively. (PDF) Cost of Cultivation and Income Analysis of Hybrid Maize Cultivation in Nabarangpur District of Odisha.

An Analysis of Perspectives of Training Conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Koraput, Odisha

A study was conducted in the Koraput district of Odisha to analyze the various perspectives of the training conducted by KVK with 120 tribal farmers by using ex-post-facto research design. Both purposive and random sampling techniques were followed for selecting the respondents from the study area. The data were collected with pre-tested structured interview schedule and analyzed using statistical measures viz. frequency, percentage, mean and rank. The findings revealed that the training followed by demonstration (35.00%), off-campus training (34.17%) and identification and problem prioritization (31.67%) were agreed strongly by the respondents whereas participatory analysis of the situation (26.67%), training duration appropriate to the training programme (26.67%), training with systematic procedure followed (26.67%) and feedback mechanism which evaluates after the training programme (25.83%) were strongly disagreed by the sample respondents. The findings of the study can be referred by KVK staff and extension functionaries to have a better understanding of the perception of tribal farmers on training conducted by KVK and to plan for future training design. (PDF) An Analysis of Perspectives of Training Conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Koraput, Odisha.

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

The book on Food and Agriculture presents the recent trends and advancements in Agriculture and allied subjects. In this book we specially focused on modern techniques, future needs and strategies which will be helpful for the farming and Agriculture scientific communities. During the current scenario of COVID-19, agriculture is the need of an hour, without which the world cripples with hunger, instability and inserts severe challenge to human beings. Improved crop production is the need of the hours due to the huge and drastic increase of population to feed them. This book summarizes the importance of agriculture and it’s allied Sectors with contents from specialized field of Agriculture. Gaining the confidence and realizing the worthiness of the book we thought it is the right materials in file should come as a book for the benefit of the farmers and agriculture fraternity across the country. This book is intended to offer easy readability to the Agriculture fraternity.

VEGETABLES FOR HEALTHY LIFE

A well-balanced and healthy diet consists of vegetables and fruits since they provide all kinds of nutrition to human body. The regular intake of vegetables has strong association with improvement of overall health problems. Each vegetable group contains a unique mixture and quantity of phytonutriceuticals which helps in enhancing the cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal and other chronic diseases. Nutrition is considered as both a quality and quantity issue, and vegetables in all forms ensure a sufficient amount of vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers and phytochemicals to provide a balanced diet. Vegetables are excellent source of antioxidants that prevent from chronic diseases by altering the metabolic activation and detoxification of carcinogens, preventing the damage of free-radical or may be by regulating the process that alter path of tumor cells. All classes of vegetables should be eaten for enhancing the immune system and to get all the health benefits.

RURAL DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES OF 21 ST CENTURY OF INDIA (2000-2020)

Rural Empowerment and Development through Agri-preneurship

FROM JOB SEEKERS TO ENTREPRENEURS: SUCCESS STORIES OF ODISHA FARMERS

An Integral Shift in Conventional Extension Approaches towards Agri-Preneurship Development

Challenges and Management of Waste Disposal In India

Each year human society produce mountains of waste they are municipal solid waste, medical waste, agriculture waste, e-waste, hazardous waste, sewage waste etc. waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials which is generated from combined of residential, industrial, and commercial activities of human being. Various methodologies and techniques have been developed for managing these waste properly within increase in population growth. With huge volume of solid waste have been generated in large quantity. In developing country like India efficient management of solid waste is a major challenge. There should be urgent need of proper collection, transportation and disposal of waste because current population of India is 1.32 billion and this population is equivalent to 17.74% of the total world population. Estimated quantity of municipal waste generated in India is 48 million tonnes/years which is calculated 0.4 kg /capita/day and this is important for Indian population they have to learn how to effectively reduce, reuse and recycle the amount of waste which is a great challenge for our country. Government order to plan various treatment and disposal techniques for waste management, they form various rules, regulation, act and policies etc. for managing these waste. India is facing many problems of managing, handling and disposal of waste according to health sector as well as sustainable environment. Waste handling and disposal is not free from challenges because lack of collection of municipal solid waste, lack of analysis the toxic waste, lack of segregation practices, lack of proper operational strategy, poor regulative measures, lack of storage of waste, lack of adequate transportation facilities, lack of institutional arrangements, financial constraints, inadequate awareness and training programs and many more. If individual follows some rules like use only as much as you need natural resources, segregate your waste into wet and dry garbage,as possible avoid using of non-biodegradable materials, do not through garbage in public place etc ,if we aware of these things then we cut down the waste generated and ensure that the minimal residual waste does not harm our environment as well as our health. This article has showed the different needs and education related to waste management.

Impact of Green Tea on Human Health

Green tea is the most consumed beverage in the world because of its health benefits and soothing effect on human body. It contains polyphenolic compounds which include flavanols, flavandiols and phenolic acids. Green tea is best studied for decades because of its health benefits. It is increasingly recognized that it helps to reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes and obesity, depression, hypertension and increase bone mineral density, protects against solar UV radiation etc.

Effect of Probiotic Supplements on Human Health

 Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that are good for our health, especially our digestive system. It helps in lowering the gut pH, produces ?-galactosidases enzyme which digest lactose and stimulate IgA production. It produces short-chain fatty acid and vitamins especially vitamin-B like folate, biotin, vitamin B 12 and vitamin-K. It has anti-hypertension, anti-diabetic effect. The presence of probiotics in our body leads to reduce the risk of cancer. Probiotics are also beneficial for oral health.

SOCIAL MEDIA: BOON TO AGRICULTURE

In the current scenario, social media plays an important part in the transfer of information and communication in the agricultural community of India. Emerging through the Covid-19 pandemic, social media was very important for the transfer of information because of the shutdowns. It is very effective as everyone can connect with each other anytime and anywhere through social media. The present study shows how social media improves farmers through effective information grasp. What are social media and some kinds of it were discussed here.

MOBILE APPLICATIONS IN AGRICULTURE

Mobile application, a popular ICT tool has a great potential to be used for knowledge sharing among farmers. This review study undertaken to gather the various information and types of applications available for farmer benefits derived by farmers were seeking solutions to minimise crop and livestock losses with easily available information, to carry out regular learning. The constraint may be the network and poor internet, which can be resolved by the government for the development of the farmers.

Socio-economic and cultural attributes of pulse farmers of Nayagarh district of Odisha

A study entitled “Management System of Pulse Farmers in Nayagarh District of Odisha” was conducted by employing ex-post-facto research design during 2020. A total of 256 respondents covering 8 villages from 4 blocks of Nayagarh district were selected as sample respondents. The data were collected by personal interview using a well-structured questionnaire. The data were tabulated and analyzed by using statistical tools viz. percentage, mean Scores, Rank order and gap percent. The findings of the study include the majority of the pulse farmers belonged to the old age category (60.16 percent), majority of the pulse farmers had a primary school level (28.13 percent) of education, joint family (55.47 percent) was the major family type, family size was dominated by large family (59.4 percent), majority of the farmers had an annual income within 50000-1 lakh rupees category (88.28 percent), majority of pulse farmers had no saving (56.25 percent), maximum participation in extension activities were found in discussion meetings (2.74), farmer producer organizations (1.73) had maximum participation among social activities, maximum cosmopoliteness was observed in the nearest town (2.79). With understanding the socio-economic attributes of farmers the direction can be provided and policies can be developed to provide necessary technologies and information to the targeted regions with the most effective impact. (4) (PDF) Socio-economic and cultural attributes of pulse farmers of Nayagarh district of Odisha.

Insecticidal genes in Pest Management

Sessile plants face a variety of abiotic stresses, making them vulnerable to insect pests. Successful crop establishments can only be assured with effective eco-friendly management practices. Unfortunately, most of these practices harness natural resources, but recently, genetic engineering has emerged as a viable alternative against plant insect pests. Insecticidal protein in bacteria which express constitutively once introgressed through r-DNA technology have shown efficacy against lepidopteran and coleopteran pests. Indigenous expression of plant secondary metabolites like flavonoids shows negative effects on insect pest reproduction. Genetic engineering of plants expressing insect cell wall (containing structural polysaccharides like chitin) degrading enzymes showed efficacy of insecticidal potential. The basic principle behind the digestion of ingested food is to hydrolyze it with an enzyme. Such gut enzymes of insects get attenuated when they come across the enzyme inhibitors (such as protease inhibitors, alpha-amylase inhibitors etc) present in the fed portion of the plants. All of these genes encoding insecticidal compounds are abundant in nature. This review intends to summarize the progress made in this area using genetic engineering to successfully come up with transgenes against plant insect pests.

Moringa oleifera Lam: A potential agroforestry tree species

Phytomedicines are gaining popularity, as they are thought to be more effective than traditional drugs. Moringa is well-known for its medicinal properties and a long list of health benefits. Antifungal, antiviral, anti-depressant, and anti-inflammatory properties all work together to prevent recurrence of the illness. The tree is native to India, but it may also be found in other parts of the world, including Asia, Africa, and South America. Moringa contains a wide range of proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Moringa oleifera few documented side effects are generally benign. It has a high nutritional value as well as promising medicinal potential. There are many different minerals present, and they are a good source of protein, vitamins, and antioxidants. M. oleifera is even more significant because of its considerable medicinal capabilities, which are especially vital due to the high nutritional content of M. oleifera sap. The leaves, roots, seed, bark, fruit, flowers, and immature pods of this plant are employed in the traditional medicinal system to cure a variety of ailments, including those in South Asia. This page discusses the phytochemical constitution, medicinal advantages, and pharmacological properties of this versatile tree.

Prevalence of Protein Energy Malnutrition among Under-five children in Odisha: A Review

The WHO has identified PEM as one of the major problems among the children round the world. Also, over the years it has been found that developing countries like India have been facing the issue of PEM among children particularly at the most crucial stage of their development. Moreover, this is prevalent mostly among the rural masses and the poor and arises due to issues relating to poverty, poor environmental sanitation, poor dietary practices, low socioeconomic status, maternal education, frequent infection, and poor household food security, high consumption of rice, frequency of acute illness and low birth weight of child. This paper is a review on the status of PEM among young children (under the age of five) in Odisha. The study is based on analysis and meta-analysis of secondary sources of relevant literature and the inferences thereof suggesting possible strategies to combat this problem. (PDF) Prevalence of Protein Energy Malnutrition among Under-five children in Odisha: A Review.

TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION OF FARMERS REGARDING SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION (SRI) METHOD IN PURI DISTRICT OF ODISHA, INDIA

The study was carried out in Puri district of Odisha, India during 2014-15. A sample of farmers cultivating rice using the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method involving 110 was selected on a multistage random sampling technique to select from the study area. The study reveals that farmers prefer long duration seed varieties (2.51), using FYM in the cropping land (1.80), covering seed with well decomposed FYM in nursery (2.02), well puddling and leveling the land (2.24), not removing seeds from plant during transplanting (1.75), smearing 4-5 tonnes of FYM/Compost per acre land (2.45), maintaining water at soil saturation (1.85) and uprooting weeds manually near to plant (1.80). This indicates that majority of the farmers were having medium level of adoption due to knowledge and aware of high production in SRI Technology as compare to traditional cultivation practices.

IMPACT OF RURAL ACTIVITIES ON BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

For a wide variety of natural resources and ecological services necessary for their well-being, rural poor typically rely on diversity and are thus likely to be tormented by their deprivation. Conservationists, development practitioners and policy makers generally have different views about how and whether to link conservation of diversity with poverty reduction in this context. Rural inhabitants notably valued provisioning structural/ecosystem services like fuel, water, and crops, however ignoring the many important regulatory and supporting services. The flow of environmental services is not only vital for rural ecosystems and well-being of poor rural communities. Anthropogenic activities are mainly responsible for habitat fragmentation and destruction of bio-cultural resources and responsible for minimizing the delivery of ecosystem services. The intensification of agriculture in rural areas is one of significant causes for biodiversity losses besides many other human perturbations decreasing the both quantity and quality of ecosystem services. The ecosystem services, biodiversity and socio-economic development have linked in complex ways with several feed backs operating within and between systems. The growing demands by burgeoning population further deteriorating balance and links between the components. Therefore, the quantification of biodiversity and ecosystems are critical in rapidly changing rural ecosystems. The policy frame work for management of biological diversity and ecosystems services needs to revitalize aligned with goals and targets of SDG aimed at sustainable development of communities. The synergies and trade-offs needs to be carefully balanced for managing biodiversity and development and nexus in food-energy water related ecosystem services. The chapter reviews the nature based socio-ecologically engineered solutions for regenerating eroding diversity and bringing resilience in rural ecosystem services.

KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRAS (KVKS) TRAINING PROGRAMMES TOWARDS UPLIFTMENT OF FARMERS OF ODISHA-A REVIEW

Training acts as an important task in the improvement of human performance in a specified situation. Training provides a systematic enhancement of knowledge and skills which in turn helps the trainees to function efficiently and effectively in their specified job on completion of the training. Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs) carry out a range of trainings for the advantage of farmers and rural youth in every district. KVK training programme starts with the recognition of training needs, the most important step in the organization of a specific training programme. This review identifies the training needs of farmers, development of farmers through training and the constraints faced by farmers towards upliftment of farmers by training of Krishi Vigyan Kendras. The stakeholders ought to pay fairly higher importance and care to precise important needs while formulating diverse training strategies and programmes for the farmers of Odisha and other similar agro-climatic regions of the nation.

Role of Different Concentrations Gibberellic Acid (GA3) on Seed Germination and Seedling Quality of Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Wilde

Impact of Krishi Vigyan Kendra on Adoption of Rice Production Technologies by the Farmers of Keonjhar District of Odisha

AGROFORESTRY: Prospective, Strategies and Future Aspects

A REVIEW ON HEALTH BENEFITS AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF VEGETABLES

For a well-balanced diet, vegetables are considered as essential source of minerals, vitamins, dietary fiber and phytochemicals. A unique combination and amount of these vitamins and minerals are present in different vegetables, which make them separate from each other. Vegetables have a strong association in improving the gastrointestinal health, vision, chronic diseases and varioustypes of cancer. Vegetables being rich in antioxidants are involved in our daily diet. A balanced diet contributes to solve many nutrition related problems and different vegetables offer distinct level of protection to humans against diseases. Now-a-days, the focus is not only on the quantity but also on the quality of vegetable products, which further coincides with the consumer demand for healthy produce. An individual must includes a diverse type of vegetable in diet to get a combination of phytonutraceuticals to lead a healthy life. This article goes through a review and discuss about the nutritive value and health benefits with respect to vegetables. Further, in future research work is to be carried out involving food scientists and biomedical researchers to know about the exact constituents of different vegetables related to phytonutraceuticals.

A Perspective of e-Extension Initiatives for Agrarian Development in India

A new era started with the invention of information communication technology, which has brought a significant change in the method people adopted to live and transfer information. Indian Agricultural extension is playing a major role in the spreading of agricultural technologies to increase productivity and bring a new change in the farming community. The article will highlight on the competence level of extension personnel and various extension organizations to properly implement and use of ICT-enabled extension advisory services to increase the growth of farming communities. With ICT-enabled extension services comes e-Extension services which are defined as exploring the power and utility of the internet, interactive web technologies, multimedia, databases, expert system, and decision support systems to facilitate the dissemination and transfer of agricultural and related technologies to scientists, researchers, extension workers, ICT policymakers. Several ICT-based e-extension initiatives have been taken in India by various Government organizations, State Agriculture Universities, NGOs, private sector organizations, and many more. These initiatives vary in purpose, target group, nature, quality of information, and mode of implementation.

Keywords: Extension initiatives, e-Extension, Farmer, ICT

Socio-economic profile of SHG and non-SHG members in value addition of finger millet in Koraput district of Odisha

An Overview of Drones in Agriculture

Climate risk assessment and management in agriculture: An overview