Investigation on Influence of Machining Parameters on High-Speed CNC Drilling of Ti-6Al-4V

This scientific article explains the optimization of drilling parameters of Ti-6Al-4V. The parameters considered are speed, feed, and drill diameter. The experiments are conducted based on the L27 orthogonal array and Material Removal Rate (MRR), Circularity Error (CE) was calculated. The drilling on Ti-6Al-4V is done on the CNC Machine. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed for the prediction of output parameters of the titanium grade 5 alloys. The taguchi technique is employed for the optimization of drilling parameters by checking the optimum parametric condition with confirmation experiment. Keywords: Optimization, Ti-6Al-4V, MRR, CE, Taguchi Technique

PERFORMANCE OF CEMENT MIX PLUS AND STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER POLYMERS IN SLAG BASED CONCRETE

ABSTRACT In recent times, the construction sectors are using the polymers to enhance the strength of cement concrete and cement mortar. This paper presents a study on the effect of polymers (cement mix plus and styrene butadiene rubber) on the strength of concrete. The concrete was manufactured with cement and slag as partial replacement of cement at 50% and 70%. Cement mix plus and styrene butadiene rubber (latex plus) polymers were mixed individually at 1%, 3% and 5% by mass of cementitious material (Cement + Slag). The mechanical properties such as slump, dry density and compressive strength of cement polymer concrete and slag polymer concrete are compared. The slump of cement polymer concrete was 50% and 75% higher than 50% & 70% slag polymer concrete with cement mix plus at 1% respectively. It was also 36.67% and 70% higher than 50% & 70% slag polymer concrete with latex plus at 1%. The dry density of 70% slag polymer concrete was higher than 50% slag polymer concrete and cement polymer concrete with both the polymers. The 28 days compressive strength of 50% slag polymer concrete was 25.06% and 40.99% higher than cement polymer concrete and 70% slag polymer concrete with cement mix plus at 5% respectively. It was also observed that the compressive strength of 70% slag polymer concrete was 17.99% and 22.49% higher than cement polymer concrete and 50% slag polymer concrete with latex plus at 1% respectively. KEYWORDS: Slag Polymer Concrete, Cement Polymer Concrete, Polymer Concrete, Polymer Slag Concrete, Polymer Cement Concrete

INFLUENCE OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH ON WELDED JOINTS UNDER THE EFFECT OF ELECTRODE VIBRATORY WELDING PROCESS

ABSTRACT Vibration techniques play a prominent role in the welding process for enhancing the mechanical properties of the material from the past two decades. In this current work, the electrode vibratory setup is connected to the electrode for transferring vibrations mechanically through electrode to weld-pool during arc welding process. The fabricated novel vibratory setup generates the required amount of frequency in-terms DC motor voltage. Through these vibrations an enhanced flexural strength of weldments at HAZ is studied. The improved mechanical properties are due to refinement of the weld-pool before solidification and the dendrites are breaks down into smaller size. The microstructure analysis reveals the small nuclei formation which is the main reason for improved flexural strength. KEYWORDS: Flexural Strength, Vibrations, Fine Grains & Frequency

INFLUENCE OF TRANSVERSE VIBRATIONS ON THE FATIGUE LIFE OF ALUMINUM ALLOY WELD CONNECTIONS

Welding is a commonly used method to join a wide variety of materials. The formation of residual stresses can’t be avoidable in the welded structures. Uneven heating cycles are the main cause for the formation of residual stresses. Non-uniform heating cycles in the welding affect the service life of welded connections. In this, an investigation is made to understand the fatigue life of aluminum weldments under transverse vibrations. It is observed that the ultimate tensile strength of aluminum weldments got increased with the increase in vibration amplitude. It is also found that there is 12 parentage of improvement in fatigue life of weldments when compared with normal weld condition. KEYWORDS: Vibrations, Fatigue Life, Amplitude, Frequency & Acceleration

REFLECTION ON SPATIAL VISUALIZATION FOR ENHANCED LEARNING – A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this review is to consolidate and comprehend the different works carried out in the domain of spatial visualization and its varied applications in pedagogy and education pertaining to engineering as well as medicine education. Diversified domains have been identified like schooling, engineering learning, pedagogy, industrial applications, medical pedagogy and product design. The progress in the field of spatial visualization pertaining to the above identified domains has been captured by extracting the information from the published works in the related spheres. This work gives an up to date access to the different facets of spatial visualization for enhanced learning at all ages of students ranging from schooling to graduation and serves as a ready reference to reviewers, editors and various prospective authors. This work integrates all the recent works in spatial visualization, their application in teachinglearning process and other domains KEYWORDS: Spatial Visualization (SV), Pedagogy, Computer Aided Design (CAD), Geometric Modelling & Industrial Applications

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF R12 AND R134A REFRIGERANTS IN A TWO - PHASE EJECTOR EXPANSION REFRIGERATION

Refrigerators and Air conditioners play a key role in domestic as well as commercial purposes. These appliances that are used for cooling purposes have become more of a necessity in today’s world. Yet most of the world can’t afford them due to their high power consumption, high initial cost, low performance etc. Investigation is under way worldwide on the performance of the refrigeration system while reducing its compressor work. The primary objective of this paper is to improve the performance of a refrigeration system by installing an ejector as valve for expansion thereby improving the COP. The refrigerants used during our experiments are R12 and R134a, which are most commonly used in today’s refrigeration methods. It is observed that with the use of ejector as an expander, the system exhibited a COP improvement of 22.7% and 13.59% than that of conventional systems with the refrigerants R12 and R134a respectively. KEYWORDS: Ejector, Refrigeration, Coefficient of Performance (COP), Vapour Compression & Two-Phase Ejector Expansion

PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF MACHINING PARAMETERS BY USING COATED COPPER WIRE ELECTRODE ON WIRE ELECTRIC DISCHARGE MACHINING

In this work Coated Copper wire is used to find performance of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) on HCHCr Steel with input variables like T ON time, Input Current, T OFF time, spark gap set voltage, wire runoff time and Tension of the wire. The experiments are conducted as per the standard Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array. The multiple performances like metal removal rate(MRR), Tool wear ratio(TWR), Surface roughness and kerf width(KW) are optimized by employing a Multi criteria decision making method called Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS). By the results, the optimal arrangement of input variables are T ON-time 120 µs, T OFF- time 45 µs, Spark gap set Voltage 15 volts, Input Current 180 amps, Wire Tension 8 Kg-f and Wire runoff 6 m/min. Later, Analysis of variance is implemented and it shows that the T ON-time is the most important parameter that affect the output performances.

PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF MACHINING PARAMETERS BY USING BRASS WIRE ELECTRODE ON WIRE ELECTRIC DISCHARGE MACHINING

In this work Brass wire is used to find performance of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) on D2 Steel with input variables like T ON time, Input Current, T OFF time, spark gap set voltage, wire runoff time and Tension of the wire. The experiments are conducted as per the standard Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array. The multiple performances like metal removal rate(MRR), Tool wear ratio(TWR), Surface roughness and kerf width(KW) are optimized by employing a Multi criteria decision making method called Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS). By the results, the optimal arrangement of input variables are T ON-time 120 µs, T OFF- time 45 µs, Spark gap set Voltage 15 volts, Input Current 180 amps, Wire Tension 8 Kg-f and Wire runoff 6 m/min. Later, Analysis of variance is implemented and it shows that the T ON-time is the most important parameter that affect the output performances. KEYWORDS: T ON time, T OFF time, Kerf Width (KW), Metal Removal Rate (MRR), Surface Roughness, AHP and

PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF MACHINING PARAMETERS BY USING ANNEALED COPPER WIRE ELECTRODE ON WIRE ELECTRIC DISCHARGE MACHINING

In this work Annealed Copper wire is used to find performance of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) on D2 Steel with input variables like T ON time, Input Current, T OFF time, spark gap set voltage, wire runoff time and Tension of the wire. The experiments are conducted as per the standard Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array. The multiple performances like metal removal rate (MRR), Tool wear ratio (TWR), Surface roughness and kerf width (KW) are optimized by employing a Multi criteria decision making method called Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). By the results, the optimal arrangement of input variables are T ON-time 120 µs, T OFF- time 30 µs, Spark gap set Voltage 20 volts, Input Current 210 amps, Wire Tension 10 Kg-f and Wire runoff 2 m/min. Later, Analysis of variance is implemented and it shows that the T ON-time is the most important parameter that affects the output performances. KEYWORDS: T ON time, T OFF

REUSED SUNFLOWER OIL AS DIELECTRIC FLUID FOR ELECTRIC DISCHARGE MACHINING PROCESS

ABSTRACT Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) is an incredibly recognizable machining practice among as of unpredictable machining systems for perplexing, complex profiles in "very hard to machine" materials (which are electrically conductive). In EDM, the material ejection of the cathode is obtained through exact controlled electric pulse release, which happens the metals of two anodes into vapors, at the event of the breakdown of the dielectric medium. This exploration work, forms are done to discover the appropriateness of plant seed oils from reused sunflower oil as a dielectric liquid in the EDM procedure. And furthermore checked its reasonableness with EDM oil as alternate dielectric liquid for mechanical application. Electrode Wear Rate (EWR), Material Removal Rate (MRR), Surface Roughness (SR), and Tool Wear Rate (TWR) are the key execution highlights of EDM. The important objective of EDM is to get higher MRR close by achieving the reasonably great surface nature of the machined workpiece. The parameters that achieve the most shocking MRR rely upon the machining surface which is associating with the workpiece and apparatus. Dielectric is the hugest variable for getting brilliant outcomes for the abovementioned - expressed key highlights. These examinations came about that reused sunflower oil is an appropriate dielectric media, the outcomes acquired are great while contrasting and that of EDM oil and furthermore discover the impact of the geology of the workpiece and carbon particles dissolving is checked with SEM investigation for any deviations on work surface KEYWORDS: Electric Discharge Machine (EDM), Electrode Wear Rate (EWR), Material Removal Rate (MRR), Surface Roughness (SR) & Tool Wear Rate (TWR)

Vibratory weld conditioning during gas tungsten arc welding of al 5052 alloy on the mechanical and micro-structural behavior

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WIRE EDM MACHINING OF D2 STEEL USING UNCOATED, COATED AND ANNEALED WIRE

ABSTRACT: In the present work, a comparative study on the performance of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of D2 Steel using Brass wire, Zinc coated Copper wire and Annealed Copper wire is carried out using Grey – Fuzzy Logic technique. The input parameters are Pulse ON time (TON), Pulse OFF time (TOFF), Spark Voltage (SV), Peak Current (IP), Wire Feed (WF) and Wire Tension (WT).The output parameters like Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR), Surface Roughness (SR) and Kerf Width are optimized. Using Taguchi‟s design of experiment, a set of 27 experiments is performed using each wire. The grey relational analysis followed by fuzzy logic is carried out to find Grey Fuzzy Relational Grade (GFRG) values. The optimal combination obtained using brass wire is TON = 110μs, TOFF = 45μs, SV = 15volts, IP = 210amps, WF = 6m/min and WT = 6 grams. For zinc coated copper wire it is TON = 110μs, TOFF = 60μs, SV = 21volts, IP = 210amps, WF = 6m/min and WT = 6 grams. Also, for annealed copper wire it is TON = 110μs, TOFF = 30μs, SV = 21volts, IP = 210amps, WF = 6m/min and WT = 6 grams. It is found that the Material Removal Rate is higher using annealed copper wire compare to zinc coated copper wire and brass wire. Similarly, the Tool Wear Rate is found to be lower in annealed copper wire compared to other wires. Also it is observed that surface roughness and kerf width are nearly equal for all the wires. KEYWORDS: Taguchi‟s design of experiment, Grey Relational Coefficient, Fuzzy Logic, G

A HYBRID GREY-FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH FOR OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS IN WIRE ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING OF D2 STEEL

ABSTRACT: Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is an extensively used non – traditional machining process for machining of hard and difficult - to - machine materials. In the present work, multi response optimization of the process parameters in WEDM machining of D2 Steel is carried out using hybrid Grey-Fuzzy logic technique. The input parameters such as Pulse ON time (TON), Pulse OFF time (TOFF), Spark Voltage (SV), Peak Current (IP), Wire Feed (WF) and Wire Tension (WT) are used to optimize the output parameters like Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool Wear Rate (TWR), Surface Roughness (SR) and Kerf Width. A set of 27 experiments are performed using Taguchi‟s Design of Experiment. Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) combined with Fuzzy Logic approach is used to find Grey Fuzzy Relational Grade (GFRG). The optimal combination obtained using this technique is found to be TON = 110μs, TOFF = 45μs, SV = 15volts, IP = 210amps, WF = 6m/min and WT = 6 grams. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) result shows that TON is having the highest significance on the output performance.

The effect of vibratory conditioning on tensile strength and microstructure of 1018 mild steel

Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the prominence of mechanical excitations at the time of welding. In the past years, the process
of welding technology has expanded its influence in manufacturing. The crucial drawback of conventional welding is prompted by internal stresses
and distortions, which is the focal reason for weld defects. These weld defects can be diminished by the process called post-weld heat treatment
(PWHT), which consumes more working hours and needs skilled workers. To replace these PWHT processes, mechanical vibrations are introduced
during the process of welding to diminish these weld defects.
Design/methodology/approach – In the current research, the mechanical vibrations are transferred to weld-pool through vibro-motor and DC
motor connected to the electrode. As per standards, the tensile test specimens were prepared for welding with different voltages of vibro-motor and
DC motor respectively. The weld joints were tested for tensile strength and analyzed the microstructure at the fusion zone.
Findings – Melt-ability at fusion zone of 1018 mild steel was investigated by the single-stroke intense heat process of fusion welding. It is observed
that the mechanical vibrations technique has a profound influence on the enhancement of the fusion zone characteristics and grain structure. The
peak value of the tensile strength is observed at 100 s of vibration, 190 V of vibro-motor voltage and 18 V of electrode voltage. The tensile strength
of the welded joints with vibrations is increased up to 22.64% when it is compared with conventional welding. The enhancement of the tensile
strength of the weld bead was obtained because of the formation of fine grain structure. So, mechanical vibrations are identified as the most
convenient method for improving the mild steel alloys weld quality.
Originality/value – A novel approach called mechanical vibrations during the process of welding is implemented for fusion zone refinement.
Keywords Tensile strength, Residual stresses, Microstructural analysis, Vibration welding, Weld pool refinement

A Concise View Point on Effects of Agro and Industrial Waste as Reinforcement on Characteristic Properties of Aluminum Alloy-Based Metal Matrix Composites

Aluminum alloy-based metal matrix composites preferred over various conventional materials in aerospace, automotive, electronics, defense, and marine applications only to their excellent improved properties. Now, these composites made by adding SiC, Al2O3, BN particles into molten Al alloy to make it costefficient. Owing to poor wettability of these particulates and the density difference between the particulates and the matrix making the product even costlier. To avoid the above uncommon conditions, researchers have started using industrial waste and agro waste materials as reinforcement which has the potentials of satisfying the demands of advanced engineering applications. Reinforcement materials like fly ash, rice husk ash, coconut shell ash, bagasse ash, eggshell and red mud used to reach optimality in structure and properties of waste materials reinforced metal matrix composite. Many manufacturing techniques have devised over the last three decades. This paper trying to review the various industrial and agro waste reinforcing materials employed in production of aluminum alloy-based metal matrix composites (AMCs). It also explains the way it affects the physical, mechanical and wear properties of the material. Keywords Aluminum alloy · S

LIGHTWEIGHT MATERIALS FOR ENGINE CYLINDER BLOCKS/LINERS –A CRITICAL REVIEW

Lightweight Materials have become choice for many industries like automobile and aerospace due to its tunable mechanical properties such as very high strength to weight ratio. Aluminum is one of the best lightweight materials. Al metal/alloy matrix composites improve the mechanical properties but lack wear resistance. By applying proper coatings will improve wear resistance. These Al MMCs are used to make engine parts like piston, connecting rod, engine cylinders, drum brakes, disc and cylinder liners. The present review focused on the study of behavior of Aluminum Alloys with different reinforcements produced by stir casting method and ultrasonic assisted stir casting method. And survey on the effects of different reinforcements on the mechanical and tribological properties. In the present paper the use of composite materials and hard coatings explored so far are reviewed. Key Phrases: Al alloy MMCs, Tribological Coatings, and Engine Applications

Effect of Particle Size on Properties of Industrial and Agro Waste-Reinforced Aluminum-Matrix Composite

Al-6061 alloy-based metal-matrix composite samples processed by the stir casting method have been investigated experimentally. Fly ash, an industrial waste byproduct, or rice husk ash, an agricultural waste, was used as the reinforcing material, collected from local sites and sieved to three different sizes. These sets of each type of composite were prepared with 15 wt.% of fly ash or rice husk ash particles of varying sizes (0 lm to 53 lm, 54 lm to 74 lm, and 75 lm to 105 lm). Mechanical properties such as the compressive strength, tensile strength, and hardness of the prepared samples were investigated. Characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The results revealed that the Al–fly ash composites exhibited better mechanical properties as compared with the rice husk ash-reinforced composite or base aluminum alloy. The mechanical properties were enhanced in the composites prepared with particles of 0 lm to 53 lm as compared with larger sizes

Enhancement of surface Quality of DMLS Aluminum Alloy Using RSM Optimization and ANN modelling

Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) is an additive manufacturing technology gaining popularity due to its ability to produce near net-shaped functional components. As there is a great need to improve the surface quality of DMLS components to upgrade their dynamic properties, an attempt was made to study the influence of process parameters like laser power, scan speed, and overlap rate on the surface quality of DMLS Aluminum alloy (AlSi10Mg) in as-built condition. The optimized process window to generate the best surface quality was achieved using Response Surface Method (RSM). Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling is also developed to map the influence of process parameters on surface quality. Conclusively, Scan speed is found to be most influential over surface quality as per the F and P test results. The optimized process parameters for best surface quality (3.52 µm) were 300 W laser power, 600 mm/sec scan speed, and 25% overlap rate. Both RSM and ANN models were accurate in       prediction. However, ANN is recorded as superior with the highest coefficient of correlation (R).

Establishing Process Capability Indices in a Sugar Manufacturing Industry – an Industrial Engineering Perspective

Influence of Particle Size on Microstructure and Sliding Wear Response of Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash Reinforced Al6061 MMCs

“Friction Stir Lap Welded Joints for Aluminum Alloys: An Evaluation

Multi-response optimization of friction stir lap welding of aluminum plates through GRA-PCA”

Effect of changing injection pressure on mahua oil-based biodiesel combustion with blended Al2O3 nanoparticles on CI engine performance and emission parameters”