Damping in Layered and Jointed Riveted Structures with Equal Thickness

A common problem associated with many engineering structures is the low damping capacity making it unsuitable for use in aerospace and related structures requiring high dynamic stiffness. Attempts have been made by many researchers to design and fabricate structures, which can contribute substantial damping to the structures. One of the techniques used for this purpose is the layered structure jointed with rivets because of its superiority with respect to the requirements of high damping capacity and stiffness compared to a solid one. The presence of joints in such structures allows slip, thereby increasing the inherent damping of the structures due to interface friction. An attempt has been made in the present investigation to study, both numerically and experimentally, the damping mechanism and methodologies adopted in the structures jointed with rivets for enhancing their damping capacity. This is particularly important in applications such as bridges, pressure vessels, building, aircraft and aerospace structures, and frames and machine members, where damping capacity is of primary consideration.

Investigation into the Dynamics of Layered and Jointed Cantilevered Beams

Damping occurring at the joints due to interfacial relative motion is the major source of inherent damping in fabricated structures. In the present investigation, the dynamic analysis of layered cantilever beams jointed with rivets was carried out using the finite element approach for the Euler–Bernoulli beam model. The solution is based on one-dimensional beam elements, with each element consisting of two nodes having two degrees of freedom, i.e. transverse displacement and rotation at each node. The cubic shape functions are considered for the transverse vibration of the beam in terms of nodal variables. The stiffness and mass matrices are evaluated from the bending strain energy and kinetic energy of the beam, respectively, which are further used to determine the natural frequency and mode shapes by modal analysis. The damping capacity of the cantilever specimens was computed using the energy approach. Experiments were conducted for validating the numerical results. The results establish that the damping capacity of builtup structures having lower beam thickness ratio and higher cantilever length can be improved substantially using larger diameter rivets at lower amplitude of excitation.

Effect of Micro-slip on the Damping Capacity of Jointed Riveted Structures with Unequal Thickness

This paper addresses the influence of the partial slip phenomenon on the damping capacity of jointed riveted structures with unequal thickness. The dynamic response of built-up structures is influenced by the characteristics of the joints and the damping capacity of such joints has been analyzed by mathematical modeling and experiments. Damping at structural joints is associated with frictional losses caused by micro-slip and kinematics coefficient of friction at the interfaces. Such energy dissipation at various joints has a significant effect in limiting the magnitude of vibration. The free vibration of a beam jointed with rivets of unequal thickness with ratio of 2.0 undergoing a small dynamic deflection in the transverse direction has been studied using the energy approach to evaluate its damping capacity. The results of the theoretical analysis have been compared with the experimental results to verify the authenticity of the work. It has been found that the normal pressure and the micro-slip at the interfaces are the major parameters influencing the damping capacity of jointed riveted structures. The suggested method can be effectively utilized by the designers to fabricate the engineering built-up structures depending on the requirements of the damping capacity.

Determination of slip damping in jointed riveted beams by finite element approach

Built-up structures need to possess an energy dissipation mechanism to damp-out vibrations quickly, which can be achieved effectively by providing joints. Damping in joints is due to the frictional effects associated with relative shear displacements at the interfaces of the connections. This paper presents a fi nite element approach based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory to evaluate the damping capacities of cantilever beams of unequal thickness with riveted joints under different dynamic conditions. The solution is based on one-dimensional beam elements, with each element consisting of two nodes with two degrees of freedom, ie. transverse displacement and rotation at each node. The experiments are carried out to authenticate the theory and the results establish that the damping capacity of built-up structures with lower beam thickness ratio and higher cantilever length can be improved substantially using larger diameter rivets undergoing vibration at lower amplitude of excitation

Effect of thickness ratio on the slip damping of jointed aluminium cantilever beams

Estimating damping in structures made of different materials is one of the biggest challenges in the field of structural dynamics. Significant weight savings and good mechanical as well as damping properties can make aluminium a potential material for most of the engineering applications especially in aerospace, automotive and manufacturing industries. This paper summarises the effect of thickness ratio on the mechanism of slip damping in jointed aluminium cantilever beams with riveted joints. The solution considers one-dimensional dynamic analysis using the finite element approach for the Euler-Bernoulli beam model. The cubic shape functions are considered for the transverse vibration of the beam in terms of nodal variables. Experiments are conducted for validating the numerical results. The results establish that the damping in jointed beams of lower thickness ratio can be appreciably improved using larger cantilever length and rivet diameter.

Damping Improvement in Layered and Jointed Beams by Finite Element Analysis

Biogas Production from Kitchen Wastes: A Source of Renewable Energy

ISSN: 2319 – 9725

Anaerobic Digestion of Kitchen Wastes: A study on Biogas Production and Upgradation through Purification

ISSN: 2319-9725

Anaerobic Digestion of Kitchen Wastes: Biogas Production, Purification and Application in I.C. Engines

Currently, much of our biodegradable wastes such as kitchen wastes, agricultural wastes & animal wastes are used to produce Biogas, a powerful greenhouse gas. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a treatment that composts these wastes in the absence of oxygen, producing a biogas that can be used to generate Heat & Power. Producing renewable energy from our biodegradable wastes helps to tackle the energy crisis. AD produces biogas of around 60 per cent methane, 30 percent carbon dioxide (CO), 2 percent hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and other constituents. As well as biogas, AD produces a solid and liquid residue called digestate which can be used as a soil conditioner to fertilise land. The amount of biogas and the quality of digestates obtained will vary according to the feedstock used. More gas will be produced if the feedstock is more liable to decompose. For application as a fuel in I.C Engines it is required to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S), because H2S corrodes vital mechanical components of engine and CO2 reduces heating effect if it is not removed. Therefore Biogas is required to be upgraded through purification by removing H2S and CO2

Experimental Investigation of Karanja Oil as a Fuel for Diesel Engine using Shell and Tube Heat exchanger

This paper presents experimental investigation carried out on an unmodified four stroke diesel engine running with preheated straight vegetable oil (SVO) of Karanja. The viscosity of straight karanja oil was reduced by preheating the oil up to 1600C under different load condition. The preheating was done with the help of a Shell and Tube heat exchanger equipment without using any external power source. The heat exchanger was designed in the lab and the heating source was by waste exhaust gas from engine. The experimental results data were analyzed by using 20% blends of svo of Karanja with 80% diesel by volume and 100% preheated svo of karanja for various parameters like specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency and emission of exhaust gas like CO, CO2, HC and NOx. The results indicated that by using straight karanja oil, the emission parameter increases as compared to diesel but regarding engine performance it was found to be very close to that of diesel. All total it can be a replacement of diesel with a small efficiency drop.

Biogas Production from Kitchen Wastes: Its Purification and Application in C.I. Engine in Dual Fuel Mode

Biodegradable wastes such as kitchen wastes, agricultural wastes & animal wastes are used to produce Biogas, a powerful greenhouse gas. Biogas derived from kitchen wastes is a potential alternative to the partial substitution of petroleum derived fuels because it is from renewable resources that are widely available. Producing renewable energy from our biodegradable wastes helps to tackle the energy crisis. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a treatment that composts these wastes in the absence of oxygen, producing a biogas that can be used to generate Heat & Power. AD produces biogas of around 60 per cent methane, 30 percent carbon dioxide (CO2), 2 percent hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and other constituents. For application as a fuel in I.C Engines it is required to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S), because H2S corrodes vital mechanical components of engine and CO2 reduces heating effect if it is not removed. Therefore Biogas is required to be upgraded through purification by removing H2S and CO2. In this paper, the important parameters of performance characteristics (such as: power output, thermal efficiency & fuel consumption) of biogas-fuelled C.I engine are studied and estimated with change of engine speed and load. The obtained results when operating with biogas are used to compare with that of diesel fuel under the same operating conditions. The experimental results show that the tested engine operated with richer biogas-air mixture than that of diesel-air mixture under the same test conditions.

Performance, Emission, Energy and Exergy Analysis of a C.I. Engine using Mahua Biodiesel Blends with Diesel

This paper presents an experimental investigation on a four-stroke single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with the blends of Mahua oil methyl ester (MOME) and diesel. The performance emission, energy, and exergy analysis has been carried out in B20 (mixture of 80% diesel by volume with 20% MOME). From energy analysis, it was observed that the fuel energy input as well as energy carried away by exhaust gases was 6.25% and 11.86% more in case of diesel than that of B20. The unaccounted losses were 10.21% more in case of diesel than B20. The energy efficiency was 28%, while the total losses were 72% for diesel. In case of B20, the efficiency was 65.74 % higher than that of diesel. The exergy analysis shows that the input availability of diesel fuel is 1.46% more than that of B20. For availability in brake power as well as exhaust gases of diesel were 5.66 and 32% more than that of B20. Destructed availability of B20 was 0.97% more than diesel. Thus, as per as performance, emission, energy, and exergy part were concerned; B20 is found to be very close with that of diesel.

An Overview of Solar Energy and its Application in Solar Dryers with Brief Concept of Energy and Energy Analysis

Now a days we are generally depends on fossil fuels for heat and power. We are using them much rapidly than they are being produced and the time comes when these energy sources will run out. As these energy has also some disadvantages like waste disposal problem, environmental hazardous, limited quantity leads to think about renewable energy sources which can able to help the fill the gap. We may call renewable energy as “green”or “clean”energy as it produces very little pollution to the atmosphere. “Solar energy” is one of the better renewable energy sources when it is being converted to required form of energy. Energy developed in the sun is due to thermonuclear fusion reaction where hydrogen is fusing into helium and developed unlimited quantity of energy. The sun has enough quantity of hydrogen in his core so that no need to fear that it will run out. Solar energy is used in different solar dryers in an effective manner for drying the agricultural products which can significantly reduce product wastage. The objective of this paper is to present the concept of solar energy and various types of solar dryers and their effectiveness.

Performance of a C.I. Engine with Energy and Exergy Analysis Fuelled with Neem Oil Methyl Ester

In this paper, energy and exergy analyses have been performed on a 3.5 kW diesel engine for diesel fuel and NB20 (20% blends of neem oil methyl ester) on the basis of experimental data of the engine. The exhaust gas energy loss of diesel is higher than NB20. However, NB20 biodiesel yields a higher rate of heat transfer than diesel. Based on input energy value, less exhaust loss and higher heat loss percentages are obtained for both the tested fuels. The exergy destruction of diesel is higher than that of NB20 whereas the exergy heat loss of NB20 is more than that of diesel. Higher percentages of exergy destruction and less percentage of exergy heat loss are observed for both the tested fuels. Regarding efficiency associated with thermal, combustion and exergetic, NB20 performed well. Moreover, NB20 biodiesel shows similar trends of energetic and exergetic performance with diesel fuel.

Biogas Compression and Storage System for Cooking Applications in Rural Households

A project is undertaken by the College of Engineering Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India to design and develop a biogas production, purification, compression and storage system suitable for the use as a cooking gas in rural households. The biogas is produced in a floating drum type digester by the anaerobic digestion of kitchen wastes and collected by an elastic balloon. A foot lever compressor is designed, which allows the users to stand and compress using foot lever and a valve system. The final prototype is able to compress the biogas to approximately 4bar in a 0.5m3 tank. In addition to the compressor, a container with silica gel is used for removal of water vapour from Biogas and there is also a fibre container with steel wool to act as a hydrogen sulfide scrubber in-line with the inlet of the biogas to the compression system. The result showed that the system could compress biogas into a container, 4 bar pressure and operating time of 30 min.

Non-edible Mahua Oil: A Critical Evaluation of Oil Extraction, Methyl Ester Production, Characteristics, and Possibility of Bio-Additives

Current world energy consumption is trying to gradually shift away from fossil fuels due to the concerns for the climate change and environmental pollutions. World energy demand is ever augmenting due to thriving urbanization, better living standards and increasing population. Fossil fuel depletion, environmental concerns, and steep hikes in the price of fossil fuels are driving scientists to search for alternative fuels. Biodiesel, an ideal alternative to fossil fuels, is very imperative for the sustainable development of mankind. There are different potential feed stocks for biodiesel production. The use of non-edible plant oils is very significant because of the tremendous demand for edible oils as food source. The chemical-catalyzed transesterification of vegetable oils to biodiesel has been industrially adopted due to its high conversion rates and low production time.However, this process suffers from several inherent drawbacks related to energy-intensive and environmentally unfriendly processing steps such as catalyst and product recovery, and waste water treatment. The present investigation includes Mahua oil alcoholysis using methanol in the presence of acid and alkali catalyst in two steps, hydrolysis of Mahua esters, characterising the properties and standardising the engine performance and emissions as per ASTM specification.

Olax scandens Roxb: A Rarefied Non Edible Potential Leafage of Bio Diesel for Diesel Engines

In India, edible oils are in short supply and country has to import up to 40% of its requirements and use of edible oils for biodiesel production is ruled out. Availability of raw materials, collection of seeds and processing mechanism for the seeds are not well standardized. Olax scandens Roxb is one such plant species identified by authors as a promising source of oil for biodiesel production. The present work focuses on (a) Standardization of extraction procedures of olax oil from seeds.(b). Standardization of esterification of crude olax oil (c).Standardization of trans-esterified olax oil.(d). Study of different physical and chemical parameters of the processed oils for their biodiesel properties including elaborate analysis by gas chromatography (GC) (e). Engine testing using Olax biodiesel. Result revealed petroleum diesel blended with 10% to 20% olax biodiesel can be fuelled to diesel engines without any modification in engine hardware irrespective of a negligible power loss.

Study on Performance of EDM Electrodes Produced through Rapid Tooling Route

ISSN: 0219-6867

Finite element analysis of slip damping in riveted built-up beams

ISSN: 1758-7328

Statistical Analyses of Energy and Exergy of a diesel engine using diesel and biogas in dual fuel mode by Taguchi method

In this research, the first law and second law of thermodynamics were applied to analyze the quantity and quality of energy and exergy in a direct injection compression ignation engine using diesel and biogas in dual fuel mode of operation. The energy and exergy for the engine were calculated and analyzed by Taguchi method of optimization for both the modes of operation. The results of dual fuel mode offered similar energetic performance as diesel fuel. It was found that, similar trends were followed in the exergetic performance parameters and the energetic performance parameters. The analyses were based on energy and exergy distribution, exergy efficiency and different availabilities of dual fuel mode with the varying load and compared with the corresponding values of diesel mode.

Polycentric Prosthetic Knee Joint: A Review

A variety of polycentric prosthetic knee joints have been manufactured globally over the past decade and there has been ambiguity over prescription criteria, design parameters, kinematic performance of its various designs and counterparts. This article presents technical developments in analysis performed on polycentric prosthetic knee joint in the rehabilitation of trans-femoral amputees. A review has been made on polycentric knee models used in developed and developing countries with respect to design, modelling, kinematic, finite element analysis (FEA), and optmisation technique. The results reveal important research work to develop and implement standardized measures on prosthetic knee joints for their effective use, function, durability, and cost effectiveness. There is continuous progress to address limitations. However, more research is still required for developing more functional prosthetic knee joints by simplifying fabrication techniques. A computer aided modelling, design and analysis is used as an effective tool to optimize and validate prosthetic component design including its quality, performance, safety.

Optimize Newton Statistical Models for Fish Drying by using Regression Analysis

Stripped Mullet (in odiya it is called Dangla) having zoological name Juvenile mugil under the family of Mugilidae species (fishes) were selected as a drying material in three different methods like sun drying, solar drying and poly house drying. Drying characteristics were studied and compared among them.A natural convective direct heating solar dryer and Poly-house dryer were used in experiments as well as natural sun drying experiment was conducted on an open surface. The weight of the sample and other drying parameters were recorded in every one hour of interval from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm everyday during the experimental period. Regression was carried out by using excel software to determine the drying parameters and developed Newton mathematical model. The model efficiencies were found to be 99.62 %, 99.55 % and 98.53% for solar drying, poly-house drying and sun drying respectively.

Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Diesel and Simarouba Biodiesel Blends

This article intends to determine the available work and various losses of a diesel engine fuelled with diesel and SB20 (20 % Simarouba biodiesel by volume blended with 80 % diesel by volume). The energy and exergy analysis were carried out by using first law and second law of thermodynamics respectively. The experiments were carried out on a 3.5 kW compression ignition engine. The analysis was conducted on per mole of fuel basis. The energy analysis indicates that about 37.23 and 37.79 % of input energy is converted into the capacity to do work for diesel and SB20 respectively. The exergetic efficiency was 34.8 and 35 % for diesel and Simarouba respectively. Comparative study indicates that the energetic and exergetic performance of SB20 resembles with that of diesel fuel.

Exergy and Energy Analyses and Evaluate Drying Parameters to Develop a Statistical Model for a Solar Dryer in Fish Drying

This research paper presents a theoretical and practical aspect of energy and exergy analyses of a solar dryer by using the concept of first law and second law of thermodynamics in association with regression analysis to evaluate drying parameters to develop a statistical model. Energy and Exergy analyses may be considered as prime tool for design, analysis, and optimization of thermal systems. The solar dryer energies itself with the use of solar radiation that received from the collector attached with the dryer. This research investigation was carried out in the city of Bhubaneswar, Odisha (India) between the month of January to March 2016 at the campus of CAET, OUAT, Odisha. Experiments were conducted by drying grey mullet (fish) in the dryer. Grey Mullet was taken for investigation which is abundantly available in the costal belt of Odisha. Experimental parameters like weight of the sample, temperature of the sample aswell as atmosphere and relative humidity were recorded each one hour interval during the experimental period. Regression analysis has been focused on these drying parameters and developed Page statistical model whose model efficiency and coefficient of determination were found be 97.04 % and 0.934.It also found that the exergetic efficiency touches the maximum in between 1:00 p.m. to 3:00 pm.

An Experimental Statistical Model Developed in Fish Drying using Regression Analysis

Grey Mullet having zoological name mugil cephalus under the family of mugilidae species (fish) has been studied in the present investigation using two different methods like sun drying and solar drying. A mathematical model has been developed by analyzing the drying characteristics of grey mullet. The objective of the present research is to lower the production cost and to improve the drying quality. Two methods such as sun drying and solar drying have been carried out in the experiments. The former is natural sun drying on an open field and the latter is natural convective direct heating. The weight of the specimen and other drying parameters are recorded in every one hour of interval during day time for an experimental period of one and half days. Regression analysis has been carried out using excel software to develop the Newton’s mathematical model. A comparative study has been carried out between two drying methods. The model efficiencies are found to be 99.09 and 99.54 % for sun drying and solar drying respectively.

A comprehensive review on Performance analysis of parabolic trough solar collectors

Among the various available renewable energy sources such as wind, geothermal, tidal, bio mass, etc., harnessingof solar energy has become quite popular in most of the countries. Solar thermal systems are advantageous since it is easier to store heat than electricity on a large scale. Different collectors have been modeled, designed, fabricated and tested to operate in different range of temperatures such as low temperature collectors, medium temperature collectors and high temperature collectors. Several concentrated solar power technologies have been developed including the solar tower, the parabolic trough technology, solar dish and linear Fresnel systems. Among them, the parabolic trough solar collector is a proven technology used dominantly for both industrial process heat and power generation. Numerous research investigations both theoretical and experimental have been carried out for nearly more than three decades to enhance the optical and thermal efficiency of the system. The optical efficiency depends on the property of the materials such as reflectance of mirror, transmittance of glass cover, absorptance -emittance of receiver, intercept factor, geometry factor and angle of incidence. A few researcheswork on end losses have been carried out too. A huge opportunity for further investigation lies in the heat transfer enhancement of receiver tube, development of a low cost and highly rigid structure, less expensive and more accurate tracking mechanism. Investigations using passive methods to enhance the rate of heat transfer in heat exchanger domain have been carried out and hence a similar practice has been tried out in the receiver of PTC where some of the inserts used in heat exchanger have been tried out in the receiver tube of the PTC too. A review of such works has been presented in this paper along with the review of the other works carried out inthe enhancement of optical and thermal efficiency of the solar PTC.

PCA Based Hybrid Taguchi Philosophy for Optimization of Multiple Responses in EDM

The present study is aimed at a multi-response optimization problem by applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) combined with Taguchi method. The investigation has been carried out through a case study in Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) of D2 steel by using copper, brass and Direct Metal Laser Sintered (DMLS) electrode produced by direct metal laser sintering using Directmetal20. The research work has been carried out to evaluate the best parametric combination which could fulfill multiple responses like lower Tool Wear Rate (TWR), higher Material Removal Rate (MRR) and lower Surface Roughness (Ra). Unlike the use of single-objective optimization problem in traditional Taguchi method, a hybrid Taguchi method has been developed in combination with PCA to solve multi-objective problem. Taguchi method assumes that the quality characteristics should be uncorrelated or independent which is not always fulfilled in actual condition. PCA is applied to remove response correlation and to calculate independent (uncorrelated) quality indices known as principal components. These principal components combined with weighted principal component analysis (WPCA) are used to calculate overall quality index denoted as Multi-response Performance Index (MPI). This investigation combines WPCA and Taguchi method for forecasting optimal setting. The predicted result by this method was validated through confirmatory test proving the efficacy of the process. Out of five input process parameters considered, tool electrode has been found to be the most significant factors through the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

A Review on Performance Evaluation of Solar Parabolic Trough

India receives good annual radiation despite having several climatic zones. Indian economy is heavily dependent on fossil fuels that are largely imported. India began its exploitation towards renewable energy for some years. Accurate estimation of solar resource is required for effective utilization of solar energy. Due to its variation on a diurnal and seasonal scale, measured values of global solar radiation are available for few locations in India. Empirical models are used to estimate solar global radiation where measured values are not available. Concentrated solar energy is an ideal energy for high temperature energy process such as concentrated solar power generation. The solar receiver is a key component in applications converting solar energy efficiently into thermal energy. The Solar Parabolic Trough Collector is explored for decentralized energy generation for rural and remote places which are located away from grid lines. In this research review concerned with an experimental study of parabolic trough collector designed and manufactured. A parabolic trough solar collector uses Aluminum sheet in the shape of a parabolic cylinder to reflect and concentrate sun radiations towards an absorber tube located at the focus line of the parabolic cylinder. The receiver absorbs the incoming radiations and transforms them into thermal energy, the latter being transported and collected by a fluid medium circulating within the absorber tube.

A Review on Initiation, Structure and Advance Utilization of Shape Memory Polymer

ISSN: 0976-9595

Exergy Analysis in a Dual-Fuelled Diesel Engine

In this work, the exergetic parameters of a diesel engine are analysed using the second law of thermodynamics. The engine runs with diesel and biogas in dual fuel mode of operation. The fuel exergy, exergy destroyed and exergy efficiency in dual fuel mode of operation at different load conditions are compared with the corresponding values of diesel fuel mode. Taguchi method of optimization is used for both the modes of operation using MINITAB software. Confirmation experiments are conducted to verify the Taguchi results, which are found to be equal or nearer to the experimental data. The results of dual fuel mode offer similar trends of exergetic performances to that of diesel fuel mode of operation.

Development of a Solar Operated Blower for Forging Operation: An Initiative for Sustainable Livelihood of Rural Area

Blacksmith generally do the forging operation by hand which requires more time and have survived to exist in rural economy even today. Due to unavailability of electricity and limitation of modern energy sources, economic development of rural area lays extreme poverty line. Development of solar operated blacksmith blower gives a reliable and sustainable solution to blacksmith for their forging operation. This paper represents design and development of solar operated blacksmith blower which was eco-friendly, less time consuming and high efficiency. The main component of solar operated blower is charge controller, battery, solar panel, DC blower and a speed controller. Mathematical calculation had been done for sizing of solar panel, battery, and charge controller and speed controller. The regulation of supplement of air for forging operation with the help of speed controller is the unique design of this research.

Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Solar Dryer for Drying Food Products

The drying of various food products such as ginger, potato, tomato and bread is very much necessary to preserve in a hygienic way. Solar dryer is an alternative and effective method of quick process of drying food products. In the present investigation, an efficient hybrid type solar dryer has been developed for use during day and night. The main objective is to develop an efficient hybrid solar dryer by reducing different heat losses through use of corrugated absorbing plate and transparent glass plate and by increasing turbulence by using baffle in between the glass plate and absorbing plate. The parameters such as temperature, relative humidity and velocity of air at different point of dryer are measured by using different measuring instruments. The instantaneous efficiency of solar collector and overall loss coefficient are calculated as 48.73% and 2.11 W/m2oC considering Bhubaneswar latitude (20.2961oN, 85.8245oE).The maximum coefficient of performance is calculated as 0.789 by taking maximum outlet collector temperature and maximum drying chamber temperature. The model can be made more efficient by further reduction in heat loss using different materials of absorbing plates and different turbulence techniques.

Optimization of energy and exergy parameters of a C.I. engine in dual fuel mode using Taguchi method

In this study, the first and second laws of thermodynamics are applied to analyse the quantity and quality of energy and exergy in a compression ignition (C.I.) engine using diesel and biogas in dual fuel mode. The energy and exergy for the engine have been calculated and analysed by Taguchi method for both modes of operation using MINITAB software. The results show the similar energetic performance of dual fuel mode as that of diesel fuel mode. The exergetic performance parameters also follow the similar trends according to the energetic performance parameters. The analyses are based on energy and exergy distribution of dual fuel mode with the varying load and compared with the corresponding values of diesel mode.

Breast Cancer Detection and Classification Using a novel Fast and Robust FCM Segmentation and MWCA based LLRBFNN Machine Learning Model: Breast cancer classification and detection using machine learning model

The breast cancer diagnosis is the main cause of cancer death among women in the world as per the World Health Organization. Breast cancer mortality rates are higher, due to non-availability of early detection especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. This paper proposes of a method to detect and classify mammographic injuries using the regions of attention of breast images. This research work proposes decomposing of each image using a novel FRFCM segmentation and classification of breast cancer categories by utilizing local linear radial basis functional neural network (LLRBFNN). Further to enhance the performance of accuracy of LLRBFNN model, modified water cycle algorithm (MWCA) has been considered to update the weights of LLRBFNN. The results obtained from the proposed MWCA-LLRBFNN model and conventional machine learning models are compared and presented. This approach will combine image and shape of surface features for detection and classification of breast cancer ailments such as benign or malignant.

Optimization of Material Removal Rate in EDM of D2 Steel by Taguchi Method

Material removal rate is an important aspect in any machining process as it decides the time taken to complete machining. This becomes more important in unconventional machining where material removal rate is much lower compared to traditional machining.The present study has been on optimization of MRR with the help of Taguchi method through a case study in Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) of D2 Steel. Any electrically conducted material can be machined in EDM. But D2 steel finds extensive application in die making. Dies are often of complicated shape and EDM is the best suited machining operation to meet such demand. Due to this in the experiment D2 steel has been used as a workpiece. D2 steel is also tough and has greater strength as well as very good wear resistant. Two conventional electrodes Copper, Brass and a special electrode created by Direct Metal Laser Sintering have been considered as tools for performing the experiments. Special DMLS electrode has been chosen along with conventional electrode to assess the feasibility of substituting these conventional electrodes by the special electrode. Confirmatory test is carried out to validate the effectiveness of the process. KEYWORDS: Electric Discharge Machining, Material Removal Rate, Taguchi Method & Direct Metal Laser Sintering

Bioconversion of Lignocellulosic Materials into Ethanol

Bio-ethanol is considered as one of the next generation fuels. Producing bio-ethanol by processing rice straw is suitable for the Indian environment, as India is a major rice producing country in the world. Ethanol (C2H5OH) can be produced by hydrolysis of rice straw and then fermentation of obtained sugars to ethanol. To obtain the fermentable level of sugars from rice straw, pretreatment processes are required. The combined methods of pretreatments and enzyme treatments result in the conversion of ligno-cellulosic biomass in rice straw to sugar and after fermentation; the sugar is converted to ethanol. The complete production process consists of the following steps - choice of rice straw, size reduction via milling and grinding, pretreatment process, hydrolysis, fermentation, distillation, blending and commercialization. The present paper reviews all the above steps of production of bioethanol from rice straw of species Oryza Sativa with fermentation by Saccharomyces Cerevisae yeast.

Finite Element Analysis of Banana Fiber Reinforced composites for Tensile Properties

Composite materials emerge mainly in response to technological demands as the aviation, aerospace and automotive sectors are rapidly advancing. Bio-fibre composite development has recently attracted the attention of scientists and technologists and has been a subject of interest in recent years. The main subject of this work is research into the tensile characteristics of banana fibre/epoxy resin composites at 30%, 40% and 50% volume fractions of banana fibre and fiber orientation 00 , 450 , 900 . For analysis, the ANSYS 12.0 numbered package is used. In order to find the optimum number of cases the Taguchi l9 method is used. A total of 9 cases for tensile properties were studied. Compared to the other 30/70 and 50/50 the composition 40/60 was found to be usefully applied. For composition 40/60 and 00 fibers orientation, the maximum strength is 50.6 N/mm2.

Investigation of Natural Frequencies of Composite Shaft using FFT and Numerical Method

The composite frameworks of modern metallic systems, because of their greater basic rigidity and strength, have many advantages. The purpose of this study is to replace the conventional steel propeller shaft with a single-piece e-glass / epoxy propeller shaft for an automotive application. The architecture of the steel propeller shaft is based on the Timoshenko beam principle. Different mechanical tests are conducted to determine the material properties based on the material properties optimisation of the parameters with the aim of minimizing composite propeller shaft weight. The composite material Propeller shaft with a 50:50 volume fraction is produced using filament winding machine based on the optimisation results. FFT Analyzer Tests are conducted to obtain the composite propeller shaft natural frequency. The results of experimental tests are validated with ANSYS.

Grinding, Sieve Shacking and Evolving a Material from Shells of Crabs used for Light Weight Bio Medical Applications

The external skeletons of crabs contain chitin fibers in excess quantity. The chitin powder can be manufactured by mechanical treatment with several purification processes. Chitin powders are manufactured by grinders and high pressure water jet systems. The acidic treatment is done to facilitate mechanical fibrillation. Surface modification is done to mechanical fibrillation. The surface modification is done to change the surface property. Acetylation, deacetylation phthaloylation, naphthaloylation meleylation, chlorination, tempo-medicated oxidation and graft polymerization is the step by step procedure to purify the exoskeleton of the crabs shell. After grinding the crab powder is used to manufacture functionally graded material.

Experimental Approach to optimize the Fiber Volume Fraction and Orientation for Reinforced Banana Composites

Composites find significant uses in domestic and infrastructure industries through recent advances in materials. In recent years, natural fiber based epoxy resin composite has become important as important industrial resources, given their superior material properties and decomposability. This research is based on the mechanical characteristics of composites using bananas and coir fibers added with ash particles. The evaluation of the Mechanical Property is based on the NABL-approved ASTM Standards. For composites, including compression moulding, spray operation, pultrusion, hand layup, there are various manufacturing techniques available. The easiest way to do this work is to lay hands. Such composites are generated in terms of fiber length and volume fraction as specific combinations. The fiber treatment using an alkaline solution of 1% NaOH is used to reduce decomposability and to increase lifetime chemical therapy. Mechanical measures such as tensile examination, flexural check, and impact studies can research the effect of the ash particle percentage. Mechanical properties have been shown to be significantly improved.

A Systematic Review on Design Technology and Application of Polycentric Prosthetic Knee in Amputee Rehabilitation

The objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic review on design technology and clinical application of polycentric prosthetic knee joint in the rehabilitation of trans-femoral amputees. Relevant studies were identifed using electronic database such as PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Rehabilitation and Related Therapies) up to February 2020. Screening of abstracts and application of inclusion and exclusion criteria were made. Design, modeling, material use, kinematic study, simulation technique and clinical application of polycentric knee models used in many developed and developing countries have been reviewed. Out of 516 potentially relevant studies, 43 articles were included. Specifc variables on technical and clinical aspects were extracted and added to summary tables. The results reveal that polycentric knees have a variety of geometries but the methods for comparing their performances are rare. The data of structural analysis using diferent simulation techniques are validated with experimental results for determining model accuracy. Gait analysis using the polycentric knee components provides a valid tool to correlate with experimental results. There are well-designed studies on the technological development of polycentric knees, however, high-quality clinical researches are scarce. Conventional clinical knowledge had considerable gaps concerning the efects of polycentric knee and their mechanical characteristics on human functioning with a lower-limb prosthesis. Still, further research is needed to develop and implement standardized measures on prosthetic knee joints for their efective use, function, durability, and cost-efectiveness.

Use of Hydrogen in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: An Overview

Conventional fossil fuels, currently the main source of world’s energy demand, are limited due to which the world will face energy crisis sooner or later. During the last few years, a good amount of research is being carried out on unconventional hydrogen fuel cell technologies to meet energy crisis, to mitigate environmental concerns about global warming and to decrease the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). Hydrogen can be used in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells, providing a greater efficiency and producing no greenhouse gas emissions when combusted with oxygen. The only significant emission, in the process is water vapor. As Hydrogen is not a natural source of energy, it can be produced from a variety of sources making its production costlier than petroleum products. But, its excellent fuel characteristics in hydrogen fueled engines have become one of the most important research directions. This paper discusses hydrogen fuel cell technologies as one of the potential solutions to above issues and estimates the latest developments on use of hydrogen as an engine fuel. It presents possible future of hydrogen energy for better environment.

Non-Stationary signal Frequency Identification using Frequency improved Fast S-Transform

This research presents a novel method for identifying frequency content of the multiple fault signal using a time frequency transform called S-transform. The numerical values of frequency content of the signal have been identified by applying S-matrix through an IIR filter which is a linear predictive system. As the linear predictive system is also a frequency tracking system and it is used for calculating the maximum frequencies from the speech signals. So we used this system to calculate different frequency content from the S-matrix and the coefficients of the IIR filter is used to get numerical values of frequency content. The amplitude and phase has been calculated using S-Transform which is the extended version of conventional S-Transform and provides localization of faults in the power signals. In this paper fast S-transform is used for multiple high frequency bursts for localization and identification of high frequencies. The frequencies are identified with different Gaussian window widths used in Stransform. Frequency content identification is done with difference equation and finding polynomial roots of the predictor coefficients

Biogas Enrichment by Water Scrubbing

This work presents the development of biogas purification system through water scrubbing to substitute the fuels used in cooking and I.C. engine applications. A water scrubber is designed to remove carbon dioxide from raw biogas through physical absorption method by water at a pressure of 3-4 bar. It is found from the test that the scrubbing unit can remove 89.74% of carbon dioxide present in the raw biogas. After water scrubbing, cleaning of biogas is done through desulphurization to remove hydrogen sulphide and dehydration to remove moisture present in the biogas. The purified and enriched biogas is used as alternate fuel for running the I.C. engine to produce power and as cooking fuel in rural households.

Transesterified Olax Scandens oil as a bio-additive: Production and Engine performance studies

The present research evaluates the efficiency of transesterified Olax scandens oil for bio-additive to petroleum diesel. The extracted Olax oil was degummed and esterified to reduce the acid value for the transesterification reaction’s suitability. The transesterification process was critically assessed by considering the effect of methanol concentration, reaction time, temperature and alkali concentration on FAME’s (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) yield. The fuel properties have been determined and engine performance tests have been executed for probable usage as bioadditive. The transesterified Olax oil blends showcased better engine performance studies flashed better runtime with load (more than 120% relative performance), lubricating and emission efficiency with lowered CO, CO2, and NOx over the intact petrodiesel.

Clinical gait analysis of subjects with trans-femoral amputation using polycentric four bar linkage prosthetic knee joint

Background: Adequate research is not reported so far to underline the influence of commonly used polycentric knee joints on gait performance of subjects with trans-femoral amputation. Objective: The intent of this investigation is to analyze prosthetic gait of unilateral traumatic trans-femoral amputees with polycentric four-bar linkage knee and compare it with normal subjects for evaluating any asymmetry in gait performance. Methods: Objective three-dimensional gait analysis of 15 subjects [mean (age): 36.4 (10.7) years] were performed in gait lab through force plate and optoelectronic devices to measure temporal-spatial parameters, kinematic and kinetic performances. Gait patterns of amputees were compared with those of 15 individuals with normal gait to analyze distinct functionalities of existing polycentric knee. Results: Asymmetry in gait was observed between amputees and normal subjects for all variables concerned (p<0.05p<0.05). Amputee gait was with significantly lesser velocity, cadence with shorter step and stride length. There was significantly less hip, knee and pelvic motions, however, pelvic obliquity and rotation did not show significant difference from the normal subjects. The vertical component of the ground reaction force differed significantly between prosthetic and intact limb [49.7 (8.5)% and 90.4 (7.4)% body weight] and also from normal subjects [107.5 (2.4)% body weight] during stance (p<0.05p<0.05). Interpretation and Conclusion: This difference may be attributed to nonproportionate loading of limbs and mechanical adaptations for counteracting deficiencies of prosthetic side. This study will help to explain gait asymmetry in trans-femoral amputees and to identify underlying mechanisms to enhance the quality of the existing design of prosthetic knee through optimizing design parameters and utilizing appropriate materials.

Design and Analysis of Absorbing plate of Hybrid Type Solar Dryer for drying Ginger and Tomato

ISSN: 1567-214X

Deep CNN-WCA and FLICM image segmentation for automatic detection and classification of COVID-19 Diseases

ISSN: 1567-214X

Performance parameters, optimization, and recommendation in large scale on-grid SPV power plant, Odisha, India

ISSN: 2305-7246

Design and analysis of solar agricultural water pumping system for irrigation purpose

ISSN: 2305-7246

Introduction to smart materials, shape memory alloys and polymers: Initiation, structure and recent applications

ISBN: 978-620-0-54084-3

Introduction to Numerical Methods in Engineering Applications

ISBN: 978-81-948993-1-0

Recent Research Trends in Management and Social Science

ISBN: 978-81-941253-2-7

Study on Air Flow Pattern in Orifice Meter Using CFD Modeling

ISBN: 978-81-941253-2-7

Recent End Milling Operation on Metal Matrix Composites: A Review

ISBN: 978-81-941253-2-7

Optimization in EDM of D2 steel with multiple surface roughness characteristics using hybrid Taguchi method

ISBN: 978-81-930417-3-4

Modelling of Generation and Utilization Control for Isolated Hybrid Microgrid for Rural Electrification

ISBN: 978-981-15-8289--9

Innovative Methods of EDM Electrode Manufacturing: A Review

ISBN: 978-981-334-795-3

Biogas as Alternate Fuel in Diesel Engines: A Literature Review

Anaerobic Digestion of Kitchen Wastes – Biogas Production and Pretreatment of Wastes: A Review

A Study on Application of Biogas as Fuel in Compression Ignition Engines

Water Scrubbing of Biogas Produced from Kitchen Wastes for Enrichment and Bottling in LPG Cylinder for Cooking Applications

Smart Shift from Photovoltaic to Agrivoltaic System for Land-Use Footprint

Performance Analysis of PVT based Hybrid Type Solar Dryer for Drying Food Products

Application of Control Strategies and Machine Learning Techniques in Prosthetic Knee: A Systematic Review

Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Validation of Polycentric Prosthetic Knee

Simulation of solar operated grass cutting machine using PVSYST software

Design of agrivoltaic system to optimize land use for clean energy food production: a socio economic and environmental assessment

Traditional versus Underneath Farming of Turmeric and Ginger in Odisha, India”, International Journal of Agricultural and Statistical Sciences

Conformity Assessment with Structural Strength Requirements of Mechanical Polycentric Prosthetic Knee used for Amputee Rehabilitation

A Perceptive Approach for Multi-objective Optimization of Die-Sinking EDM Process Parameters with Utility Concept and Taguchi Method for Sustainable Machining

Performance evaluation of the Absorbing Plate of a Hybrid Solar Dryer for Potato Drying

Agrivoltaic System: Experimental Analysis for Enhancing Land Productivity and Revenue of Farmers

Recent Advances in Solar Drying Technologies: A Comprehensive Review

Fatigue Analysis of Polycentric Prosthetic Knee for Trans-femoral Amputation

Design and analysis of polycentric prosthetic knee with enhanced kinematics and stability

Performance Evaluation of Indirect Type Forced Convection Solar Mango Dryer: A Sustainable Way of Food Preservation

Thermal Performance of a Hybrid Solar Dryer through Experimental and CFD Investigation

Agrivoltaic system for energy-food production: A symbiotic approach on strategy, modelling, and optimization

The role of bio-based cutting fluids for sustainable manufacturing and machining processes: A holistic review

Experimental and image processing-based characterization of sustainable bio-coolant for metal removal operations

Experimental investigation of a hybrid solar dryer for vegetable drying with and without phase change material

Role of clean energy for the attainment of sustainable livelihood: A case study

Agriphotovoltaic System to Improve Land Productivity and Revenue of Farmer

Framework for Adoption of Clean Energy Products in Urban Areas

The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Clean Energy Sector: A Review