About Me |
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I am Dr. Saripilli Rajeswari has completed my M. Pharm and PhD from Andhra University in Department of Pharmaceutics, awarded with CSIR-SRF, during my PhD work I handled HPLC, UV Spectrophotometer, FTIR, 16 Station tablet punching machine, Dissolution Apparatus, Triple distillation unit, Centrifuge, Vacuum evaporator, Fluid bed drier, etc. I have total 15 years of research and academic experience from June 2009 to November 2022. I have attended Published one unit in three subjects for Dr. Reddy’s BSC correspondent course, Published a chapter “Quality Control Requirements for Value Added Herbal Drugs” in the book Emerging Trends in Value Addition to Plants and Plant Products. Published a chapter “A Review: Enlightens on plastic waste disposal” in the book, Plastic waste management: Turning Challenges into opportunities. I have guided total 25 M. Pharm and 11 B. Pharm students in completing their project work under various filed such as Gastro retentive drug delivery systems, Solubility and bioavailability enhancement of poorly soluble drugs, Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems, Natural gums as polymers, Fast dissolving films, Microsphonges, Microspheres, Emugel, Hydrogels, etc. At present guiding one research scholar. I have published 30 articles out of 24 in international journals and 6 in national journal, three Indian patent and filled one UK patent. |
I am Dr. Saripilli Rajeswari has completed my M. Pharm and PhD from Andhra University in Department of Pharmaceutics, awarded with CSIR-SRF, during my PhD work I handled HPLC, UV Spectrophotometer, FTIR, 16 Station tablet punching machine, Dissolution Apparatus, Triple distillation unit, Centrifuge, Vacuum evaporator, Fluid bed drier, etc. I have total 15 years of research and academic experience from June 2009 to November 2022. I have attended Published one unit in three subjects for Dr. Reddy’s BSC correspondent course, Published a chapter “Quality Control Requirements for Value Added Herbal Drugs” in the book Emerging Trends in Value Addition to Plants and Plant Products. Published a chapter “A Review: Enlightens on plastic waste disposal” in the book, Plastic waste management: Turning Challenges into opportunities. I have guided total 25 M. Pharm and 11 B. Pharm students in completing their project work under various filed such as Gastro retentive drug delivery systems, Solubility and bioavailability enhancement of poorly soluble drugs, Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems, Natural gums as polymers, Fast dissolving films, Microsphonges, Microspheres, Emugel, Hydrogels, etc. At present guiding one research scholar. I have published 30 articles out of 24 in international journals and 6 in national journal, three Indian patent and filled one UK patent.
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Main aim is to develop fast dissolving film
(FDF) of domperidone. Both natural and
synthetic film forming polymers are chosen to
improve the properties of the film. As the
chosen drug is BCS class II drug, the
solubility of domperidone was initially
enhanced by the kneading method (1:0.5,
1:0.75, 1:1) using ?-cyclodextrins. The
complete drug release was achieved 98.86%
within 30 mins, hence this ratio is taken for
further development of FDF. The FDFs of
domperidone were prepared by incorporating
the optimized solid dispersion SDK3 by
solvent casting method using HPMC K15 and
gellan gum in different concentrations 10%,
12.5%, 15%, 17.5% and 20% w/w. From the
optimized concentrations of these polymers,
another formulation was developed by taking
the above two film forming polymers in
combination. The better result was found with
the mixture FHG film formulation. The drug
and excipient compatibility was studied by
FTIR, DSC and X-ray analysis.
The objective of the present investigation is to formulate gastro retentive floating drug delivery systems
(GRFDDS) of clarithromycin for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori, to prolong the gastric residence time after
oral administration, at a particular site and controlling the release of drug especially useful for achieving
controlled plasma level as well as improving bioavailability and to study the effect of formulation variables on
floating lag time, t50 (time required to release 50% of the drug) and t90 (time required to release 90% of the drug).
The GRFDDS contains hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and hydroxyl propyl cellulose (HPC) as a
release retarding polymer. The concentration of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCo3) was optimized. The tablets were
prepared by wet granulation method. The prepared tablets were evaluated for all their physicochemical
properties, in vitro buoyancy, drug release and rate order kinetics. From the results, FHM4 was selected as an
optimized formulation based on their 12 hrs drug release, minimal floating lag time and maximum total floating
time. The optimized formulation followed first order rate kinetics with erosion mechanism. The optimized
formulation was characterized with FTIR studies and no interaction between the drug and the polymers were
observed.
Colon specific drug delivery has gained increased importance not just for delivery
of drug for the treatment of local diseases, associated with the colon but also
potential site for systemic delivery of therapeutic drug. Treatment could be more
effective if it is possible for drug to be directly delivered to colon. This article gives
an overview on anatomy and physiology of the colon and approaches utilized for
colon specific drug delivery. This article also discusses advantages and limitations
of the different approaches and also deals with the microsphere, various methods
used for preparations of microspheres and advantages and disadvantages of
microspheres.
According to the literature review of the past decade, the design of bilayer tablets are suitable for sequential release
of two drugs in which one layer is immediate release layer and the second layer as sustained release layer1
. Bilayer
tablets have been developed to achieve immediate and sustained delivery of different drugs with pre-defined release
profiles. In the last decade, interested in developing a combination of two or more active pharmaceutical ingredients
(API) in a single fixed dosage form has increased in the pharmaceutical industry, promoting patient convenience and
compliance2
. Bilayer tablet is suitable for sequential release of two drugs in combination or to incorporate two
incompatible substances in same tablet3. This article explains about different techniques of bilayer tablet and why
the development and production of quality bilayer tablets needs to be carried out and to reduce the common bilayer
problems, such as layer-separation, insufficient hardness, Inaccurate individual layer weight control, cross- contamination between the layers, reduced yield etc3
The objective of the present investigation is to formulate gastro retentive floating
tablets (GRFT) of clarithromycin for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori, to prolong
the gastric residence time after oral administration, at a particular site. Controlled
release of drug is especially useful for achieving controlled plasma level as well as
for improving bioavailability. The effect of formulation variables on floating lag
time, t50 and t90 are also studied. The GRFT contains hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
(HPMC) and hydroxyl ethyl cellulose (HEC) as release retarding polymers. The
concentration of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) was initially optimized. The tablets
were prepared by wet granulation method and evaluated for all their
physicochemical properties, in vitro buoyancy, drug release and rate order kinetics.
From the results, FHM4 was selected as an optimized formulation based on the
polymer concentration, 12 hrs drug release, minimal floating lag time and
maximum total floating time. The optimized formulation followed first order rate
kinetics with erosion mechanism. The optimized formulation was characterized
with FTIR studies and no interaction between the drug and the polymers was
observed.
Among all the dosages, oral is the best route of administration for its advantages but due to flow of its demerits like poor bioavailability due to first pass
metabolism and unpredictable nature of gastrointestinal absorption. Moreover, oral route is cost prohibitive and inconvenient. Transdermal patches
are medicated adhesive patches when it was placed on the skin layer it will deliver the drug into the blood stream through skin layer. To overcome the
side effects caused by the oral route, drugs given through transdermal are preferred as transdermal patch. By employing sustained release polymers,
transdermal patches can be prepared using solvent casting method. Drug excipients compatibility studies are very important to determine whether
the excipients are suitable for that drug or not. These compatibility studies are very important to maintain the stability of dosage form. Evaluation
studies are very important to determine the accuracy of dosage form at the same time therapeutic action also. Some of the parameters such as
weight variation, physical appearance, drug content, moisture uptake, folding, endurance, swelling study and physical appearance, in vitro dissolution
studies, ex vivo studies, and in vivo studies were evaluated.
Bi-gels semi solid formulation is combination of organogel and hydrogel with better application property such as pharmaceutical and cosmetics. The
main objective of this review is specially focuses on application of bi-gels as drug delivery vehicles by transdermal route. It contains two different
phases which are polar and nonpolar due to which, it possess some significant features such as ability to deliver the hydrophilic and hydrophobic
drugs which also have improved permeability of drugs, better spreading ability, and water wash ability. Hence, bigels have both organogels and
hydrogels they can enhanced hydration of stratum corneum and also had an ability to manipulate the drug release rate from the dosage from.
The aim of the present research work was to develop a bilayer
floating dosage form of immediate-release Atorvastatin (ATR) and sustained
release Captopril (CPT) in matrix form for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia
and hypertension to reduce multiple dosing frequencies and enhance patient
compliance. ATR belongs to the BCS Class II category having poor aqueous
solubility, which was enhanced by using hydrophilic polymer PEG 8000 by
kneading technique. A sustained layer of CPT was prepared by melt
granulation technique using various concentrations of carnauba wax with
HPMC K 100 M and Carbopol 934 P. All the parameters before and after
compression were evaluated. ATR-PEG ratio of 1:0.25 showed a higher drug
release of about 97.42% within 60 min. The optimized CPT sustained layer
SR2 shown the highest drug release 98.2% in 12 h. In-vitro drug release
studies carried out as per USP in pH 1.2 buffer using type II apparatus. The
CPT layer exhibited release kinetics in the first order and followed the
diffusion and erosion mechanism. The FTIR, XRD studies, and SEM
analysis indicated the absence of strong interaction between drug and
polymer and compatibility among them. The novel concept of Bi-layer
gastric floating can be utilized for the formulation of ATR and sustained
release of CPT with a floating period of >12 h and 45 s lag time.
Objective: The present research work is mainly focused on solubility enhancement of domperidone which is a biopharmaceutical classification system Class II drug using natural and synthetic polymers.
Methods: The solubility was enhanced by the kneading method with the drug: polymer (1:0.5, 1:0.75, and 1:1) using ?-cyclodextrin. The fast dissolving films (FDFs) of domperidone were prepared by incorporating the solid dispersion (SD) SDK3 by solvent casting method using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K15 M (HPMC) and gellan gum in various concentrations for preparing FDFs. Various pre- and post-compression parameters, drug and excipients compatibility studies were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD).
Results: The maximum drug release of 98.86 % was achieved within 30 min for 1:1 ratio of solid dispersion using ?-cyclodextrin, was optimized and taken for further development of FDFs. From the in vitro drug release studies films prepared with 10% w/w of HPMC K 15 (FH5) and 10% w/w of gellan gum (FG5) showed enhanced dissolution rate compared to other formulations. The formulation FHG with combination of polymers, namely, HPMC K 15 and gellan gum in 1:1 ratio showed drug release of 97.22% within 15 min only when compared with the optimized formulations. FTIR and DSC studies revealed that there were no interactions between drug and excipients. XRD studies revealed slight conversion of crystalline form to amorphous. The optimized formulation FHG found to be stable under accelerated stability studies.
Conclusions: The polymers in combination are a potential candidate for use in the formulation of FDF.
Objective: The main aim of the present research work was to formulate fast dissolving tablets of famotidine by direct compression method and to
evaluate the effect of synthetic super disintegrating agent on drug release pattern.
Methods: The fast dissolving tablets were prepared by using crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate as superdisintegrants
(2, 4 and 6 %w/w), mannitol 20 % and microcrystalline cellulose (44, 46 and 48 % w/w) as a directly compressible vehicle. All the prepared tablets
were evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content uniformity, weight variation, disintegrating time, wetting time and in vitro drug release studies.
Results: All the prepared fast dissolving tablets formulations were within the Pharmacopoeial standards limits. Based on in vitro drug release
studies (>90 % within 30 min), the optimised formulations were optimised tested for the short term stability (at 40 ?C/75% RH for 3 mo) and drug
excipient interaction (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy).
Conclusion: Hence, formulation prepared with 6 % w/w of crosspovidine and 44 % w/w of microcrystalline cellulose as emerged as the overall
best formulation (>90 % within 30 min) compared to marketed product (>70 % within 30 min). Short-term stability studies on the formulations
indicated that there are no significant changes in drug content and in vitro drug release (p<0.05).
Objective: Aim of the present study was to perform pharmacognostic, phytochemical evaluation and antioxidant
screening of ethanol extracts of Hibiscus hiritus. Methods: The free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of
Hibiscus hiritus was measured by DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil) employing the method described by Blois,
1958. 0.1 mM solution of DPPH in ethanol was prepared and 1 mL of this solution was added to 3 mL of various
concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ?g/mL) of methanol extract. After 30 min, absorbance was
measured at 517 nm. The percentage of inhibition was calculated by comparing the absorbance values of the control and
test samples. Ascorbic acid was used as a reference compound.
The aim of the present research work was to formulate fast dissolving tablets of
ranitidine HCl by direct compression method and to evaluate fenugreek seeds mucilage as a
natural superdisintegrating agent. The fast dissolving tablets were prepared by using fenugreek
seed mucilage powder, crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate as
superdisintegrants (2 and 4% w/w) and microcrystalline cellulose (34 and 36% w/w) as a
directly compressible vehicle. All the prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability,
drug content uniformity, weight variation, disintegrating time, wetting time and in vitro drug
release studies. All the prepared fast dissolving tablets formulations were within the
Pharmacopoeial standards limits. Based on in vitro drug release studies (>90 % within 30 min),
the two formulations were tested for the short term stability (40 ?C/75% RH for 3 months) and
drug excipient interaction (IR spectroscopy). From all the prepared formulations, the
formulation FR8 prepared with 6% w/w fenugreek seeds mucilage and 34% w/w of MCC was
optimised as the best formulation (>90 % within 30 min) compared to conventional commercial
tablets formulation (>75 % within 30 min). There is no significant on drug content and in vitro
drug release (p < 0.05) (Accelerated stability studies).
Microsponges (MSPs) are at the forefront of the rapidly developing field of novel drug delivery systems which are gaining popularity due to their
use for controlled release and targeted drug delivery. The microsponge delivery system (MDS) is a patented polymeric system consisting of porous
microspheres typically 10-25 microns in diameter, loaded with an active agent. They are tiny sponge-like spherical particles that consist of a myriad
of interconnecting voids within a non-collapsible structure with a large porous surface through which active ingredient is released in a controlled
manner. Microsponge also hold a certification as one of the potential approaches for gastric retention where many oral dosage forms face several
physiological restrictions due to non-uniform absorption pattern, inadequate medication release and shorter residence time in the stomach. This
type of drug delivery system which is non-irritating, non-allergic, non-toxic, can suspend or entrap a wide variety of substances, and can then be
incorporated into a formulated product such as gel, cream, liquid or powder that is why it is called as a “versatile drug delivery system”. It
overcomes the drawbacks of other formulations such as frequency of dosing, drug reaction, incompatibility with environmental condition. These
porous microspheres were exclusively designed for chronotherapeutic topical drug delivery but attempt to utilize them for oral, pulmonary and
parenteral drug delivery were also made. The present review elaborates about the multifunctional microsponge technology including its
preparation, characterization, evaluation methods along with recent research and future potential.
The objective of the present study is to formulate and evaluate orally disintegrating taste masked drotaverine
hydrochloride (HCl) tablets prepared by the melt granulation technique. Taste-masked drug—polymer melt granules
of drotaverine HCl were prepared by using either compritol 888 ATO (compritol) or precirol ATO 5 (precirol) using
varying drug-polymer ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, and 1:7. Prepared drug-polymer blends were evaluated for taste masking
and the ratio of drug-polymer is optimized. The drug-polymer ratios 1:7 with compritol and 1:5 with precirol were
optimized based on taste evaluation. The granules and tablets prepared with optimized drug-polymer ratio were
evaluated for pre- and post-compression parameters. From all the prepared taste masked drotaverine HCl tablets,
formulations CP9 and PF5 were optimized based on taste, mouthfeel, dissolution, and other oral disintegrating tablet
(ODT) parameters. Formulations CP9 and PF5 showed the release of >50% drug in 5 minutes and 100% of the
drug in 45 and 30 minutes, respectively. The optimized formulations were characterized by Fourier transformed
infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and XRD studies and found no incompatibility. The results
demonstrated that the prepared drotaverine HCl ODT showed better taste masking meeting the parameters of ODT
formulations PF5 > CP9. The present melt granulation technique can be effectively used for taste masking.
Objective: The objective of this study is to formulate orally disintegrating taste masked tablets of drotaverine HCl using solid mixture technique.
Methods: Taste masked drug-polymer solid mixtures of drotaverine HCl were prepared by using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 3 cps and
rxcipient® FM1000/calcium silicate (rxcipient) as carriers employing kneading method using varying drug-polymer ratios of 1:1, 1:5, 1:7.5, and 1:9.
Prepared drug-polymer mixtures evaluated for taste masking, and the ratio of drug-polymer is optimized. The granules and tablets prepared with
optimized drug-polymer ratio were evaluated for pre- and post-compression parameters, in vitro dissolution studies, Fourier-transformation infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) studies.
Results: The drug:polymer ratios 1:7.5 with rxcipient and 1:9 with HPMC were optimized based on taste evaluation. The pre-compression results
showed that all the formulae have good flow properties. The post-compression evaluations showed that all the formulae met the specifications of
orally disintegrating tablets. From all the prepared taste masked drotaverine HCl tablets, R10 formulation consisting of 4% croscarmellose sodium
and H9 formulation consisting of 3% croscarmellose sodium, 3% sodium starch glycolate, and 2% microcrystalline cellulose shown more than 99%
drug release in 60 min, and both the formulations showed better taste masking and were meting oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) parameters. The
optimized formulation was characterized by FTIR, DSC, and XRD studies and found no incompatibility.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the prepared drotaverine HCl ODT showed better taste masking and meeting the parameters of ODT
formulations R10 and H9. The present solid mixture technique can be effectively used for taste masking.
Objective: To formulate orally disintegrating taste masked tablets of drotaverine hydrochloride (HCl) by sublimation technique.
Methods: Initially superdisintegrant was selected and its concentration was optimized by pre-compression and post-compression parametric
evaluation. Camphor and menthol were used as sublimating agents alone and in combination to mask the taste of drotaverine hydrochloride.
Prepared tablets were evaluated for physicochemical evaluation, in vitro dissolution studies and fourier transformation-infrared spectroscopy,
differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry studies.
Results: The optimised formulation DCM2 prepared with a mixture of camphor and menthol was characterised by fourier transformation-infrared
spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry studies and found no incompatibility and no major shifts were noticed.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the prepared drotaverine HCl orally disintegrating tablets showed better taste masking. The present
sublimation technique can be effectively used for taste masking and also for orally disintegrating tablets.
Active ingredient and excipients are two main ingredients of any
pharmaceutical formulation. Excipients help in the manufacturing of
dosage form as well as improve physicochemical parameters of the
dosage form. Polymers play a vital role in any dosage form as
excipients. The influencing capacity of polymers towards the drug
release and should be compatible, non-toxic, and stable and economic
etc. They are broadly classified in three categories viz. natural
polymers, semi-synthetic and synthetic polymers. Natural polymers are
generally used as rate controlling agents, taste masking agents,
protective and stabilizing agents in the oral drug delivery system. To
provide uniform drug delivery certain polymers are used to reduce the
frequency of dosing and to increase effectiveness of the drug by localization at the site of
action. Nowadays, due to many problems associated with drug release and side effects of
synthetic polymers, manufactureres are inclined towards using natural polymers. Natural
polymers being poly saccharides are biocompatible and without any side effects. Applications
of natural polymers in pharmacy are large in comparison to the synthetic polymers and have
wide scope in food and the cosmetic industry.
Tinidazole is an anti-infective drug which is widely used in the treatment of colonic
disorders like amoebiasis, an infection of the large intestine caused by Entamoeba histolytica, a
single celled protozoan parasite. The main aim of the present work is to design and evaluate
timed release oral colon targeted drug delivery system for tinidazole which would release
negligible amount of drug in the first 6 hours lag period when the drug is in the upper GIT
followed by complete release of the drug in the colon, in a controlled manner in the next
18hours. The tinidazole core tablets are prepared by wet granulation and then coated with
Eudragit® NE 30D to achieve time dependent release profile for colon targeting. The prepared
tablets were evaluated for various tabletting parameters and based on the pharmacopeial tests
conducted and the study of release kinetics of the prepared tablets, FE4 having the Eudragit®
NE30D polymer coat load of 25%w/w was selected as the optimized formula as it showed timed
release profile for achieving colon targeting of tinidazole.
Oral route is the most preferable route of drug delivery for most of the drug but it is not suitable for the drugs which
are poorly water soluble. It mainly affects the oral bioavailability of the drugs. It remains as a most challenging
aspect in formulation development due to its minimal solubility. To overcome this problem formulation scientists
have employed the different techniques. One of the techniques is solid dispersions. These are gaining attracted
considerable interest as an efficient means of improving the solubility and dissolution which results in increasing
the bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. The present article mainly focus on the areas of basic concept of
solid dispersions, advantages, disadvantages, types and various methods of preparation for solid dispersions.
Objective: Bilayer gastric retentive floating tablets (BGRFT) with ranitidine HCl and clarithromycin using natural gums have been developed to
prolong the gastric residence time and increase drug bioavailability. Literature review revealed no published studies on the present study.
Methods: Immediate release (IR) layer prepared by using different diluents and super disintegrants like sodium starch glycolate, crosscarmellose
sodium and crospovidone. Controlled released (CR) layer prepared by using neem gum, damar gum and copal gum. Prepared tablets were evaluated
for in vivo and in vitro buoyancy, in vitro dissolution studies and fourier transformation-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Drug release was evaluated
with zero and first order for release kinetics, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell erosion models for release mechanism.
Results: Prepared IR layer followed first order rate kinetics and CR layer followed zero order rate kinetics with non-Fickian diffusion mechanism.
BGRFT also showed similar results as that of the individual layer. Optimized formulations were characterized by FTIR studies and found no
interactions between drug and polymer.
Conclusion: The results demonstrate the feasibility of the model in the development of BGRFT. BGRFT enhanced the drug release and finally the
bioavailability of clarithromycin when compared with commercial tablet (Biomycin 250). The present study could establish the suitability of neem
gum as CR polymer in the design of BGRFT.
Ecogenic bubbles and their application in the treatment of cancer.
Ecogenic bubbles and their application in the treatment of cancer.
The present invention is related to synergistic composition of fluoroquinolone antibiotics with natural ingredients, which improves the drug therapy by reducing major antibiotic associated resistance.